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input output organization

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INPUT/OUTPUT ORGANIZATION Chapter 8 Accessing I/O Devices Accessing I/O devices Process or Memor y Bu s I/O de vice 1 I/O de vic n e •Multiple I/O devices may be connected to the processor and the memory via a bus. •Bus consists of three sets of lines to carry address, data and control signals. •Each I/O device is assigned an unique address. •To access an I/O device, the processor places the address on the address lines. •The device recognizes the address, and responds to the control signals. Accessing I/O devices (contd..) ⚫ I/O devices and the memory may share the same address space: ⚫ Memory-mapped I/O. ⚫ Any machine instruction that can access memory can be used to transfer data to or from an I/O device. ⚫ Simpler software. ⚫ I/O devices and the memory may have different address spaces: ⚫ Special instructions to transfer data to and from I/O devices. ⚫ I/O devices may have to deal with fewer address lines. ⚫ I/O address lines need not be physically separate from memory address lines. ⚫ In fact, address lines may be shared between I/O devices and memory, with a control signal to indicate whether it is a memory address or an I/O address. 4 Accessing I/O devices (contd..) Address lines Data Bu s lines Control lines Addres sdecod er Contro lcircuit s Data status and registers I/ in erfac O t e Input device •I/O device is connected to the bus using an I/O interface circuit which has: - Address decoder, control circuit, an ...
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