LO1 Explain the context for innovation and determine the difference between invention and innovation. 1.1Explain innovation and determine its importance to organisations in comparison with invention. –(P1) 1.2Explain how organisational vision, leadership, culture and teamwork can shape innovation and commercialisation.–(P2) 1.3Analyse different sources of innovation, and how organisations can foster and develop an environment and culture of innovation.–(M1) Tasks 2 LO2 Explain the different types of innovation. 2.1Explain the 4Ps of innovation and explain the use of the innovation funnel to examine and shape innovative ideas.–(P3) 2.2Explain developments in frugal innovation and provide examples of how it is used in an organisational context.–(P4) 2.3Analyse and apply the innovation funnel in an organizational context.–(M2) 2.4Evaluate the role of frugal innovation in an organizational context.–(M3) 2.5Critically analyse how innovation is developed, embedded and measured in an organisational context.–(D1 LO1 & LO2) Task 3:  LO3 Discuss the process required to commercialise innovation.  3.1Explain the importance of the commercial funnel and the application of new product development (NPD) processing for commercialisation of innovation.–(P5) 3.2Build an innovation business case for an organisation, including ways to access funding.–(P6) 3.3Build a detailed innovation business case which includes how to measure its overall effectiveness using appropriate techniques available to test, iterate and improve.–(M4) Task4: LO4 Evaluate the range of methods for protecting ideas and understand their advantages and disadvantages. 4.1Evaluate the different tools that organisations can use to develop, retain and protect knowledge and intellectual property.–(P7) 4.2Present supported evidence-based evaluation of these different tools in the context of the wider business environment.–(M5) 4.3Critically evaluate the nature of innovation and the context in which it is developed, providing evidence-based judgements on how organisations can overcome challenges to develop successful innovations. –(D2, LO3 &LO4)

The objective of this assignment is to enable you to demonstrate your understanding of the relationship between justice policy and case processing and management using an example from the juvenile justice system. In 2004, researchers at the University of Colorado and the University of Bremen (Germany) reported on a cross-national study funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice. (This free research report can be accessed here:  and downloaded in PDF format). NOTE: if for whatever reason this link does not work, you can also go to http://www.ncjrs.gov/, click on "Juvenile Justice" and in the keyword search within topic box, enter the grant number 205001 to download a PDF version of the report and also view the abstract and the agency summary. According to this report, there are some key differences between these two jurisdictions in terms of how juveniles are treated, with the system in Bremen being more lenient and “diversion-oriented" and the one in Colorado being more “punitive.” In Colorado, offenders can be arrested at a much earlier age than in Bremen and are more often processed via juvenile court and detention, whereas in Bremen, dismissal of cases or diversion from formal court processing occurs in the vast majority of cases. Although the findings must be tempered by the limitations to the research discussed in the report, the authors nevertheless offer conclusions that should be considered by court administrators, including these: (1) arrest and imposition of sanctions are generally ineffective strategies and (2) policymakers should examine whether increasing the levels of severity in juvenile sanctions is an effective approach to reducing subsequent delinquency. In this Discussion Board assignment, you have several tasks: First, demonstrate your understanding of what the authors mean by “diversion-oriented system” versus “punitive- or punishment-oriented system." Second, offer your perspective on whether a shift toward a “diversion” and away from a “punishment” (arrest, court processing, court trial, possible detention) model for dealing with juvenile offenders would be effective in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Third, find an example of a diversion-oriented model that has been applied by a U.S. state or county juvenile court system, and describe its main features. Finally, suggest how you think a diversion-oriented shift might impact case processing and caseflow management.