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Chapter 9 Reading Assignment

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Chapter 9 Reading Assignment
Instructions: Read sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5 of Chapter 9 in Campbell Biology and
answer the following questions. Use your own words and complete sentences to answer each
question.
Section 9.1
1. In the space below, write out the complete, balanced chemical formula for the breakdown of
glucose to form ATP when oxygen is present.
Glucose + 2 NAD
+
+ 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H
+
+ 2 ATP + 2 H
2
O
2. Define the following terms:
a. Oxidation
A process where a substance gains oxygen or looses electrons
b. Reduction
A chemical process in which a substance gains elcectrons
c. redox reaction
A reaction involving transfer of electrons could be either a substance gaining or losing
electrons.
Sections 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
3. What are the waste products of aerobic cellular respiration? Where specifically does each of
these waste products come from (which process)?
Carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide comes from exhalation of animal’s bodies
while water comes from oxygen combining with hydrogen.
4. What is the job of FADH
2
and NADH molecules during aerobic cellular respiration? What is
the job of oxygen?
FADH2 and NADH are used to carry electrons produced in citric acid and glycolysis
cycles to the electron transport chain. Oxygen is used as the ultimate electron acceptor at the
electron transport chain termination.
5. Explain how oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis produce ATP during aerobic
cellular respiration. Your answer must include an explanation of what an electron transport chain
is and how it works.
Chemiosmosis is a process by which cells produce energy where electrons move through
electron transport chain to oxygen. Afterwards, they produce energy that pumps hydrogen ions
against their concentration gradient from matrix to the inter membrane area. During oxidative

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phosphorylation, a hydrogen ion gradient formed by the electron transport chain is used
by ATP synthase to form Adenosine Triphosphate.
The electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the intermembrane area creating a
proton gradient. As a result protons are pumped via ATP synthase to create Adenosine Tri
phosphate.
6. Would an electron transport chain spontaneously run backwards? Why or why not?
Yes it can run in a reverse form. This is because the energy is provided by utilizing
proton motive force to drive electrons in a backward direction a process known as reverse
electron flow.
7. While riding your bicycle up a large hill one day, your thigh muscles start to burn. Explain
what is happening in your muscle cells and why it is happening. (Note: Your answer should be
metabolic in nature, since metabolism is the subject of this chapter.)
As you go up a hill, the altitude increases and oxygen level decreases. During anaerobic
respiration, muscles produce energy in the absence of oxygen and the cardiovascular system is
unable to sustain the demand. Lactic acid builds up in the process thus causing the burning
feeling in the muscles.

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Chapter 9 Reading Assignment Instructions: Read sections 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5 of Chapter 9 in Campbell Biology and answer the following questions. Use your own words and complete sentences to answer each question. Section 9.1 1. In the space below, write out the complete, balanced chemical formula for the breakdown of glucose to form ATP when oxygen is present. Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O 2. Define the following terms: a. Oxidation A process where a substance gains oxygen or looses electrons b. Reduction A chemical process in which a substance gains elcectrons c. redox reaction A reaction involving transfer of electrons could be either a substance gaining or losing electrons. Sections 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5 3. What are the waste products of aerobic cellular respiration? Where specifically does each of these waste products come from (wh ...
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