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Criminal Justice
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University of Maryland University College
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Police Brutality against Minority Outline
Thesis Statement: Systemic racism in policing, and the lack of strict enforcement of the use of
force laws is the cause of the police brutality against the minority in the U.S.
I. Introduction
A. Police brutality refers to the police use of violence against civilians. Police in America
have a long history of brutality against minority communities especially Latinos, and
Black Americans (Olzak, 2021). This is both a public health issue and a human violation
issue. The victims of police brutality are unlawfully killed, and some tortured. In light of
this, street demonstrations have been taking place in America from time to time. The
protesters complain of police harassment. The minority communities are the ones
protesting. Police are supposed to handle people equally and with dignity. However, they
have been hostile towards minorities. They assault them physically, and verbally. The
mistreatment breeds mistrust between police and minority communities (Olzak, 2021).
Without trust, policing cannot be effective. The civilians end up being hostile to the
police. Due to continued police brutality against minority communities, there is high
tension in the relationship between police, and minority communities. The minority face
brutality even in courts, and corrections. Stopping police brutality against minorities
needs to consider what causes this brutality.
II. PLO 1: Theoretical and Policy Foundation of Police Brutality against Minority
A. Statistics show racial disparities in policing in America (Campney et al., 2021).
B. Conflict theory
i. Conflict theory provides an explanation of the tension between police and minorities in
America (Chang & Luo, 2017).

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ii. Police perceive the minority as potentially dangerous people who have non-compliant to
the authority (Campney et al., 2021).
C. Symbolic Interactionist Theory
i. Socialization influences the patterns of social interactions (Prus, 2015).
ii. Police-minority groups' interactions have been adverse because police have been
socialized that minorities are rule violators, while minority groups have been socialized
that police are oppressors (Campney et al., 2021).
D. Law Enforcement
i. Law enforcement officers have violent encounters with minority people (Olzak, 2021).
ii. Racial profiling significantly influence American police in the execution of law
enforcement duties (Olzak, 2021).
E. Courts
i. The court has been having deep mistrust of the minority groups (Campney et al., 2021).
ii. The victims of police brutality have not been getting justice in courts (Campney et al.,
2021).
F. Corrections
i. The correctional officers have been hostile to minority inmates (Campney et al., 2021).
ii. Significant violation of minorities’ human rights happens in correctional facilities
(Campney et al., 2021).
III. PLO 2: Best practices from national and international justice systems for societal order
A. Use of Force Standards
i. Law enforcement officers are allowed to use force in specific circumstances (Ross &
Hills, 2015).

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ii. State and local constitutions prohibit police use of excessive force (Olzak, 2021).
B. International human rights law
i. Violations of human rights happen in police brutality (Ross & Hills, 2015).
ii. International treaties, resolutions, and declarations require the state to stop anything that
can curtail people's enjoyment of human rights (Ross & Hills, 2015).
C. U.N. Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms
i. Police should use force necessary amount of force (Ozkan et al., 2016).
ii. Law enforcement officers should use force and firearms as the last resort (Ross & Hills,
2015).
IV. PLO 3: Data-based recommendations for resolving issues in criminal justice
A. Diverse hiring of police officers
i. Whites constitute 70 % of the American police officers (Menifield et al., 2019).
ii. Police should be increasingly recruited from minority communities (Menifield et al.,
2019).
B. Fair hearing of Wrongful Death Lawsuits
i. Many high-profile killings end in unfair verdicts (Ozkan et al., 2016).
ii. Courts should have an objective approach to wrongful death lawsuits (Ozkan et al.,
2016).
C. Use of Body Cameras
i. Body cameras capture the police use of force incidents (Ozkan et al., 2016).
ii. Body cameras will discourage violent police encounters with citizens (Menifield et al.,
2019).
V. PLO 4: The constitutional and legal implications

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Police Brutality against Minority – Outline Thesis Statement: Systemic racism in policing, and the lack of strict enforcement of the use of force laws is the cause of the police brutality against the minority in the U.S. I. Introduction A. Police brutality refers to the police use of violence against civilians. Police in America have a long history of brutality against minority communities especially Latinos, and Black Americans (Olzak, 2021). This is both a public health issue and a human violation issue. The victims of police brutality are unlawfully killed, and some tortured. In light of this, street demonstrations have been taking place in America from time to time. The protesters complain of police harassment. The minority communities are the ones protesting. Police are supposed to handle people equally and with dignity. However, they have been hostile towards minorities. They assault them physically, and verbally. The mistreatment breeds mistrust between police and minority communities (Olzak, 2021). Without trust, policing cannot be effective. The civilians end up being hostile to the police. Due to continued police brutality against minority communities, there is high tension in the relationship between police, and minority communities. The minority face brutality even in courts, and corrections. Stopping police brutality against minorities needs to consider what causes this brutality. II. PLO 1: Theoretical and Policy Foundation of Police Brutality against Minor ...
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