Select one of the components of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, courts, or corrections).Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you evaluate past, present, and future trends of the criminal justice component you select. Discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will likely have not only on the component you select, but also on the other components of the criminal justice system. Be sure to include current research data (qualitative and quantitative) in your analysis.Include at least four peer reviewed references.Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Db1Since the events of September 11, 2001 the U.S. intelligence community—including state, local, and tribal entities—has grown exponentially. Critics argue that the U.S. intelligence apparatus and the policies and strategies that go along with it have gotten too big, expensive, and difficult to control. Some even go as far as to say that the massive U.S. intelligence system has become "unwieldy." Proponents of the enhanced system, on the other hand, claim that the exponential growth has improved intelligence operations, thwarted attacks, and that the U.S. intelligence community achieves untold successes every day. Proponents also argue that although there is some duplication of efforts, this promotes competitive analysis.Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas:Do you feel that the U.S. intelligence system—including its policies, strategies, and operations—has gotten too big to control and to be effective? Explain your position.What impact do the complex webs of federal, state, and local policies and strategies have on the overall success and effectiveness of the U.S. intelligence community? Explain.Has the addition of intelligence apparatus at the state and local levels increased the overall success of the intelligence mission, or has it just added another layer of bureaucracy to an already complex and cumbersome system? Explain.Db 2Counterintelligence Versus Human IntelligenceDuring the Cold War, the U.S. counterintelligence (CI) mission was clearly defined: It focused on countering the intelligence collection efforts of the Soviet Union and its allies. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the focus of CI became blurred because of a lack of an identifiable threat. A perception developed throughout the U.S. intelligence community that CI equals human intelligence (HUMINT) collection and that the two disciplines were interchangeable. This, along with an increase in the need for HUMINT to counter emerging threats, further blurred the line between CI and HUMINT. Today, the two disciplines are often grouped together as CI/HUMINT. Some will argue that the grouping together of CI and HUMINT to accomplish the growing HUMINT collection mission has significantly degraded the effectiveness of the CI mission.Primary Task Response: Within the Discussion Board area, write 400–600 words that respond to the following questions with your thoughts, ideas, and comments. This will be the foundation for future discussions by your classmates. Be substantive and clear, and use examples to reinforce your ideas:In your own words, what is the counterintelligence mission?How do you think counterintelligence is collected? Explain.In your own words, what is the human intelligence (HUMINT) mission?How do you think HUMINT is collected? Explain.Do feel that the perceived grouping together of CI and HUMINT has degraded the overall CI mission? Why or why not?What similarities do you personally see between CI and HUMINT? Explain. What differences? Explain.*******Individual Assignment ******You are a counterintelligence officer for the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) assigned to the Critical Technology Protection Division. Your division is responsible for providing counterintelligence support to research, development, and acquisition (RDA) missions. To accomplish this mission, your team has been asked to provide a counterintelligence threat briefing to a major defense contractor responsible for the research and development of critical U.S. defense technology. The purpose of this report is to help prevent foreign threats from acquiring U.S. critical program information to exploit and degrade its combat effectiveness and technical superiority.Group Portion (1)For this assignment, using the Small Group Discussion Board, you must review and discuss counterintelligence collection as well as the current list of U.S. critical technologies with your group. As a group, do the following: Discuss counterintelligence collection methods. Consider sources, techniques, and common operating pictures. Examine the list of U.S. critical technologies. A current list of critical technologies can be found within your Phase 3 Web resource titled Military Critical Technologies List. Come to a group consensus, and select 1 technology from the list that will be examined in this assignment from a counterintelligence perspective. Individual PortionOnce your group has chosen a piece of critical technology, each member of the group must prepare a counterintelligence threat assessment of 800–1,000 words about the group's selected technology. Using the information from the course materials, the textbook, outside research, and the small group discussion, provide a threat assessment introduction on counterintelligence collection. What methods and techniques are used in counterintelligence collection? Explain.What are common sources for counterintelligence? Explain. Using the information from the course materials, the textbook, outside research, and the small group discussion, draft the body of your counterintelligence threat assessment about the selected technology. The assessment should include the following sections: A description and brief summary of the technologyApplications for which the technology is usedWhich organizations use this piece of technologyWho develops or manufactures this technologyWhich foreign adversaries are potentially interested in this technologyMethods this adversary may use to acquire this technologyImplications if this technology were to be compromisedPossible vulnerabilities for protecting this technologyRecommendations to safeguard this technology*****indivdual Assignment 2*******Library Research AssignmentPerhaps the biggest concern with regards to intelligence fusion centers at the federal, state, and local levels is the concern over privacy. Since their inception, fusion center officials have taken a number of steps to embed privacy policies and practices into the management of the program. You are the chief privacy officer (CPO) for the Department of Homeland Security assigned to the DHS privacy office. As the CPO, you are responsible for enforcing fusion center privacy policies, including specifically insuring that the methods and technologies used by the fusion centers for intelligence collection and dissemination do not violate privacy protections and that the fusion center complies with fair information practices in accordance with the Privacy Act of 1974. One of your primary responsibilities as the CPO is to conduct a privacy impact assessment of the current policies, practices, and proposals involving the collection and disclosure of personal information by fusion centers. Assignment GuidelinesFor this assignment, you must write an assessment (2-3 pages) of the current policies, practices, and proposals regarding privacy and fusion centers. Using the library, course materials, textbook, and Web resources, research current policies, practices, and proposals regarding privacy and fusion centers. Address the following in 1,000–1,250 words: How do these policies affect the overall mission of the fusion center? Explain. Do the policies effectively protect privacy in accordance with U.S. privacy laws? Explain and fully support your rationale. Be sure to provide specific examples to support your arguments. How would you assess the current process of policy implementation regarding citizen privacy? Explain. How would you improve the current process and system? Give a detailed explanation. Remember to only use scholarly and academic resources to support your arguments. Be sure to reference all sources using APA style. This assignment will require additional outside research, and your paper must be supported by at least 2 scholarly references. There is no specific format for this assignment, but standard APA formatting will apply.

The principle of utility, as regards crime, posits that if the greater good of the community can be raised then it is justifiable to harm an individual more than otherwise would be the case. For you, what is the “greater good?” How can this be measured? What’s the “good”: lower crime or having more personal freedoms? In short, would it be a “greater” community if it had lower crime? Or, would it be a “greater” community if it had more due process protections and lesser punishments? In short, what concept should we use to measure the utility of punishment: crime or freedom and decency?Return to the board and read over the posts of your fellow classmates. Choose at least one classmate and create a post responding to his/her initial post on the Discussion Board. Be thoughtful in your response, indicating your agreement/disagreement with their posting and give a careful reasoning of your positionThe other students post is in the file