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Youth Recidivism
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Youth Recidivism
Introduction
Adolescence is the period often associated with the onset of delinquency. However, the
frequency and severity of the offense determine the future pathway of the criminal. Some youths
are one-time offenders, while others are recidivists who become chronic offenders during young
adulthood and adulthood. Recidivism is a common and fundamental concept in criminal justice.
The concept refers to the individual's relapse into delinquent behavior even after being subjected
to corrective interventions such as secured facilities to rectify their behavior. An age-crime curve
shows that violence in adolescence increases from the age of twelve and reaches its climax at
seventeen (Villanueva et al., 2020). The younger the offender, the higher the likelihood of
commissioning a new reoffence. For example, in the United States, one in every five American
adults is under community supervision at one time. In 2016, more than 4.5 million young adults
were both probationers and parolees (Heirigs et al., 2020).
Regarding the criminal topography among the youth, 46 percent of the crimes are
committed against the people, while 54 percent are against the property (Villanueva et al., 2020).
Therefore, many young offenders continue to engage in criminal activities into adulthood, thus
depicting a life-long persistent criminal trajectory. Studies reveal that childhood experiences and
trauma strongly correlate with violence in youth. Alternatively, some youth offenders experience
a gruesome juvenile justice system resulting in childhood trauma and recidivism. In this case, a
corrective endeavor on the youth offender can result in adverse psychological effects, which lead
to the re-occurrence of the offense after the release of the young offender. Nevertheless, youth
recidivism is preventable through various strategies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and

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level of service inventory Revised (LSI-R). This paper explores the root causes of youth
recidivism and multiple methods of preventing it.
Causes of Youth Recidivism
Various psychological, social, and environmental risk factors lead to youth recidivism.
According to Villanueva et al. (2019), these risk factors may include "anti-social attitudes and
personality patterns, anti-social peers, and a history of previous offenses, poor family
circumstances, education and employment, substance abuse, and leisure and recreation"
(Villanueva et al., 2019, p. 129). The factors are dubbed by researchers as "the Central Eight"
because they determine whether a young offender will become a recidivist or not. For instance, a
high risk of low-income family circumstances or a history of previous offenses, common in the
Black community, is associated with recidivism. Childhood trauma is also a significant cause of
recidivism in youth. Approximately 90 percent of the child in the United States, for example,
experience at least one traumatic experience in their childhood, and 62 percent report multiple
traumatic events which were co-occurring (Zettler, 2021). About one-third of the youth who
have passed through the juvenile justice system are exhibited and diagnosed with post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) due to cruel experiences they witnessed in their childhood. For instance,
some youths sent to the New York's Office of Children and Family Service for committing
heinous crimes such as robbery, sexual assault, homicide, and assault indicated 8.5 traumatic
events in their lifetime (Zettler, 2021). Also, adolescents who had experienced homicide in
childhood were twice likely to have committed homicide to become detainees in New York. In
this case, adverse childhood experiences lead to persistent, violent, and chronic offending in
adolescence and probably throughout the offender's life.

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1 Youth Recidivism Student’s Name Institution Course Instructor Date 2 Youth Recidivism Introduction Adolescence is the period often associated with the onset of delinquency. However, the frequency and severity of the offense determine the future pathway of the criminal. Some youths are one-time offenders, while others are recidivists who become chronic offenders during young adulthood and adulthood. Recidivism is a common and fundamental concept in criminal justice. The concept refers to the individual's relapse into delinquent behavior even after being subjected to corrective interventions such as secured facilities to rectify their behavior. An age-crime curve shows that violence in adolescence increases from the age of twelve and reaches its climax at seventeen (Villanueva et al., 2020). The younger the offender, the higher the likelihood of commissioning a new reoffence. For example, in the United States, one in every five American adults is under community supervision at one time. In 2016, more than 4.5 million young adults were both probationers and parolees (Heirigs et al., 2020). Regarding the criminal topography among the youth, 46 percent of the crimes are committed against the people, while 54 percent are against the property (Villanueva et al., 2020). Therefore, many young offenders continue to engage in criminal activities into adulthood, thus depicting a life-long persistent criminal trajectory. Studies reveal that childhood experiences and trauma strongl ...
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