Psychology Answers

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Psychology

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Los Angeles Pierce College

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Describe the following theories: Ivan Pavlov and classical conditioning, B. F.

Skinner and operant conditioning, and Albert Bandura and social learning

theory.

Ivan Pavlov’s theory is also known as the Classical conditioning theory which explains

that learning must be through association. Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who

studied the relationship between the two stimuli. To be specific, two stimuli must be

linked to each other in order to come up with a newly learned response in either a

person or animal. On the other hand, B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning or also

known as instrumental conditioning states that the consequences of a response will

be able to assess the probability of an event to repeat. Lastly, the Social Learning

Theory of Albert Bandura states that a person who has no experience with something

will still learn an ability if they have seen other people do it before. This also explains

that it encompasses a variety of behaviors that are not accounted for in other theories.

a.Using classical conditioning to teach a child not to touch a hot stove

Before conditioning, the child will see the hot stove or the smoke coming from it. The

unconditioned stimulus in this case is the smoke coming out from the stove. The

child’s neutral response would be to touch it. During conditioning, the mother of the

child will yell “stop” or go closer to the child to stop it from touching the stove. In this

case, the sound of the mother’s voice is unrelated to the hot stove but every time the

same situation happens, the child will be able to create a conditioned response. The

child’s conditioned response would be to stop touching the hot stove.

b. Using operant conditioning to teach potty training

When a child is taught to potty, the rewarding part of it will be based on the parent’s

decisions. It can either be the child’s favorite food or a toy. When they are presented

with the rewards, it shows what they can get if they do a task right. But if they don’t

potty properly, the child will urinate on the floor instead of urinating on the toilet. This

will show the child the consequences if they don’t potty properly.

c.Using social learning theory to teach a child to show good manners at the dinner

table

If a child has been raised in a family that did not teach them good manners at the

dinner table, they wouldn’t be able to know how to act during an actual dinner. But if

the child has seen other people on television or in real-life eating at the dinner table

and practicing good manners, they will be able to know how to act appropriately. The

theory just states that the child even if having no experience, will be able to know what

to do because they have observed other people do it before.

Part 2 (6 points)

Your child has developed a fear of sleeping in the dark. Using some of the principles

of learning theory:

The learning theory is a broad spectrum to discuss and is heavily based on the

cognitive theory and principles of behaviorism. According to the learning theory,

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Describe the following theories: Ivan Pavlov and classical conditioning, B. F. Skinner and operant conditioning, and Albert Bandura and social learning theory. Ivan Pavlov’s theory is also known as the Classical conditioning theory which explains that learning must be through association. Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who studied the relationship between the two stimuli. To be specific, two stimuli must be linked to each other in order to come up with a newly learned response in either a person or animal. On the other hand, B.F. Skinner’s operant conditioning or also known as instrumen ...
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Tags: learning theory classical conditioning Social Learning Theory operant conditioning sleeping in the dark