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78380862 anatomy final exam study guide

78380862 anatomy final exam study guide

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Anatomy Final Exam Study Guide

Intro to Anatomy

1. Levels of organization of the human body

-Atom > cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism

2. Organ systems (11)

1) Skeletal – bone, cartilage

2) Muscular – movement, contraction, support, heat

3) Cardiovascular – blood, arteries, veins

4) Reproductive – sexual organs

5) Endocrine – pituitary, thyroid, hormones

6) Nervous – fast response to stimulus

7) Respiratory – lungs, trachea, supplies oxygen

8) Urinary – removes nitrogen

9) Lymphatic – immune helps clean blood

10) Digestive – stomach, intestine, breaks down food

11) Integumentary – skin, protection, waterproof

3. What does the muscular system do, structures associated with the skin, etc.

-Provides movement, contraction, support and heat

4. Homeostasis – ability to maintain constant internal conditions

5. Positive vs. negative feedback mechanisms

-Negative – shuts off original stimulus

-Positive – increase original stimulus, push further away from normal

6. Anatomical position

-Body erect with parallel, arms hanging on sides and palms facing out

7. Directional terms

• Superior- toward the upper part

• Inferior- toward the lower part

• Anterior- toward the front

• Posterior- toward the back

• Medial- toward midline

• Lateral- away toward the midline

• Intermediate- between a more medial and lateral structure

• Proximal- closer to origin of the body

• Distal- farther from the body surface

• Superficial- toward body surface

• Deep- away from body surface

• Dorsal- near the back

• Ventral- near the stomach

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8. Body land marks (Anterior and Posterior view)

Tissue types

9. 4 primary tissue type

1) Connective- support

2) Muscle- movement

3) Nervous- control

4) Epithelium- covering

10. Types of muscle tissue

• Skeletal- voluntary, pull on bones or skin, long, cylindrical, multinucleated, striations

• Cardiac- in heart, striations, involuntary

• Smooth- no striations, walls of hollow organs ( stomach, bladder, uterus, blood vessel

), involuntary, contraction, peristalsis

11. Shapes of epithelium

• Squamous- flat

• Cubiodad- cubed shaped

• Columnar- column shaped

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Anatomy Final Exam Study Guide Intro to Anatomy 1. Levels of organization of the human body -Atom > cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism 2. Organ systems (11) 1) Skeletal – bone, cartilage 2) Muscular – movement, contraction, support, heat 3) Cardiovascular – blood, arteries, veins 4) Reproductive – sexual organs 5) Endocrine – pituitary, thyroid, hormones 6) Nervous – fast response to stimulus 7) Respiratory – lungs, trachea, supplies oxygen 8) Urinary – removes nitrogen 9) Lymphatic – immune helps clean blood 10) Digestive – stomach, intestine, breaks down food 11) Integumentary – skin, protection, waterproof 3. What does the muscular system do, structures associated with the skin, etc. -Provides movement, contraction, support and heat 4. Homeostasis – ability to maintain constant internal conditions 5. Positive vs. negative feedback mechanisms -Negative – shuts off original stimulus -Positive – increase original stimulus, push further away from normal 6. Anatomical position -Body erect with parallel, arms hanging on sides and palms facing out 7. Directional terms • Superior- toward the upper part • Inferior- toward the lower part • Anterior- toward the front • Posterior- toward the back • Medial- toward midline • Lateral- away toward the midline • Intermediate- between a more medial and lateral structure • Proximal- closer to origin of the body • Distal- farther from the body surface • Superficial- toward body surf ...
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