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Abodmen part 2 notes

Abodmen part 2 notes

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General Anatomy Reviewer

Chapter 5-The Abdomen Part II-The

Abdominal Cavity

Peritoneum

-is a thin serous membrane that lines the

walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and

clothes of the viscera

-can be regarded as balloon against which

organs are pressed outside.

PARIETAL PERITONEUM

-Lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic

cavities

VISCERAL PERITONEUM

-Covers the organs

PERITONEAL CAVITY

-Potential space between the parietal and

visceral layers which is in effect the inside

space of the balloon

-No organ

MALE- closed cavity

FEMALE- communication with the exterior

through the:

-uterine tubes

-uterus

-vagina

EXTRAPERITONEAL TISSUE

-Found between the parietal peritoneum and

the fascial lining of the abdominal and

pelvic walls

- in the area of the kidney; this tissue

contains a lot of fat, which supports the

kidneys.

PERITONEAL CAVITY

-Largest cavity in the body

DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS:

1) Greater Sac- The main compartment

and extends from the diaphragm

down into the pelvis.

2) Lesser Sac- smaller and lies behind

the stomach

Lesser and greater sac- are in free

communication with one another through an

oval window called epiploic foramen /

opening of the lesser sac

PERITONEAL FLUID

-Lubricates the surface of the peritoneum

and allows free movement between the

viscera.

INTRAPERITONEAL AND

RETROPERITONEAL RELATIONSHIPS

-are used to describe various organs to their

peritoneal covering.

*INTRAPERITONEAL- almost totally

covered with visceral peritoneum

-Appears to be surrounded by the peritoneal

cavity but covered by visceral peritoneum

and attached to other organs by omenta.

Examples:

-stomach

-jejunum

-ileum

-spleen

* RETROPERITONEAL

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-lie behind the peritoneum and are only

partially covered with visceral peritoneum

Examples :

-pancreas

-ascending and descending colon

Peritoneal Ligaments

-Two layered folds of peritoneum that

connect solid viscera to the abdominal walls

Examples:

-falciform ligament

-Coronary ligament

-Right and left triangular ligaments

OMENTA

-are 2-layered fold of peritoneum that

connect the stomach to another viscus

Greater omentum- connects the great

curvature of the stomach to the transverse

colon

-hangs down like an apron in fornt of the

coils of the small intestine and is folded

back on itself to be attached to the transverse

colon.

Lesser omentum- suspends the lesser

curvature of the stomach from the fissure of

the ligamentum venosum and portal hepatis

on the undersurface of the liver

Gastrosplenic Omentum – connects the

stomach to the hilum of the spleen

MESENTRIES

-are two layered fold of peritoneum

connecting parts of the intestine to the

posterior abdominal wall

Examples :

-mesentry of the small intestine

-transverse mesocolon

-sigmoid mesocolon

Permits blood, lymph vessels and nerves

to reach the viscera

-OMENTA

-PERITONEAL LIGAMENTS

-MESENTRIES

Peritoneal Pouches, Recesses, Spaces and

Gutters

Lesser Sac- lies behind the stomach and the

lesser omentum

-Extends upward as far as the diaphragm and

downward between the layers of the greater

omentum

Left margin of the sac form by the:

-spleen

-gastrosplenic omentum

-splenicorenal ligament

Opening of the lesser sac or epiploic

foramen- Right margin opens into the

greater sac (main part of the peritoneal)

ANTERIORLY:

-Free border of the lesser omentum

-bile duct

-hepatic artery

-portal vein

POSTERIORLY:

-Inferior vena cava

-caudate process of the caudate lobe of the

liver

INFERIORLY

-First part of the duodenum

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General Anatomy Reviewer Chapter 5-The Abdomen Part II-The Abdominal Cavity Peritoneum -is a thin serous membrane that lines the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and clothes of the viscera -can be regarded as balloon against which organs are pressed outside. PERITONEAL CAVITY -Largest cavity in the body DIVIDED INTO 2 PARTS: 1) Greater Sac- The main compartment and extends from the diaphragm down into the pelvis. 2) Lesser Sac- smaller and lies behind the stomach PARIETAL PERITONEUM -Lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities Lesser and greater sac- are in free communication with one another through an oval window called epiploic foramen / opening of the lesser sac VISCERAL PERITONEUM -Covers the organs PERITONEAL CAVITY -Potential space between the parietal and visceral layers which is in effect the inside space of the balloon -No organ MALE- closed cavity FEMALE- communication with the exterior through the: -uterine tubes -uterus -vagina EXTRAPERITONEAL TISSUE -Found between the parietal peritoneum and the fascial lining of the abdominal and pelvic walls PERITONEAL FLUID -Lubricates the surface of the peritoneum and allows free movement between the viscera. INTRAPERITONEAL AND RETROPERITONEAL RELATIONSHIPS -are used to describe various organs to their peritoneal covering. *INTRAPERITONEAL- almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum -Appears to be surrounded by the peritoneal cavity but covered by visceral peritoneum and attached to other organs by ...
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