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Chemical engineering lesson8 cascade and feedforword control schemes

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Spring 2006 Process Dynamics, Operations, and Control 10.450 Lesson 8: Cascade and Feedforward Control Schemes 8.0 context and direction Knowledge of the process is the basis for successful process control. In Lesson 7, we used process knowledge to guide, through tuning correlations, our choice of controller parameters. In this lesson, process knowledge will guide our choice of control structure itself: by making additional process measurements, we will augment the single-loop feedback control scheme to give it greater capability. DYNAMIC SYSTEM BEHAVIOR 8.1 a process with identifiable intermediate variable We begin with a process that has three inputs, two of them disturbances, and one output that we will wish to control. As usual, transfer functions Gd1(s), Gd2(s), and Gm(s) may refer to the same assembly of equipment, but specify how the output variable y depends on each particular input. x'd1(s) x'd2(s) x'm(s) Gd1(s) Gd2(s) y' (s) Gm(s) The Laplace domain process description is then y ' (s) = G m x 'm (s) + G d 2 x d' 2 (s) + G d1x 'd1 (s) (8.1-1) We imagine a case in which process Gm(s) could be divided into two parts, connected by a measurable intermediate variable xi: this could be as simple as two tanks in series, as in Lesson 4. Having specified some of the interior structure of Gm, we consider xd2 to be typical of disturbances that affect the process further upstream and xd1 to affect the process downstream, after the intermediate variable. x'd1(s) x'd2(s) x' ...
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