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Lecture gp111 06

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GP111 Elementary Thermodynamics Properties of pure substances 1 Pure substance • Substance that has a fixed chemical composition is called a pure substance Pure Substances Elements Hydrogen, Sodium.. Compounds Homogeneous mixtures Water air 2 Not pure substances…… These mixtures have different compositions throughout 3 Phase of a pure substance Total disorder Lots of empty space Disorder Some space Particles closer together Order Particles fixed in position The 3 phases Gas Liquid Solid 4 Particles may have several phases within the principal phases • Helium: two liquid phases. • Carbon: graphite or diamond. • Iron: three solid phases. • Ice: may exists seven different phases at high pressure. 5 Phase change processes of pure substances Liquid Saturated liquid Saturated liquid + Saturated vapor Saturated vapor Superheated vapor 6 Constant Pressure Heating in Piston-Cylinder at P = 1 atm 7 Constant Pressure Heating in Piston-Cylinder at P = 2 atm 8 Property diagrams: T-v diagrams Latent heat of vaporization: at 1atm, 2257.1 kJ/kg for water Saturation temperature 9 Some terms…….. Latent heat: The amount of energy absorbed or release during phase-change process is called latent heat. Latent heat of vaporization: The amount of energy absorbed during vaporization process is called latent heat of vaporization. Latent heat of vaporization for water, 2257.1 kJ/kg Latent heat of fusion: The amount of energy released durin ...
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