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•The name protein is derived from the Greek word proteios “of prime importance or the first kind” this is because proteins are the basis of the cytoplasm of cells and are present in all living organisms. •Proteins are the most abundant macromolecules in living cells and constitute 50% or more of their dry weight. Definition: • Proteins are organic compounds with a high molecular weight formed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen and may also contain sulfur, phosphorus and non-protein organic groups and metal ions. • They are polymers formed of subunits called amino acids linked together by peptide linkage. ➢ At the elemental level, proteins contain 50–55% carbon, 6–7% hydrogen, 20–23% oxygen, 12–19% nitrogen, and 0.2–3.0% sulfur. ➢ -Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes. After the synthesis, some amino acids are modified by cytoplasmic enzymes which changes the composition of some proteins. Classification of Proteins on the basis of Physico-chemical properties A. Simple Proteins These are naturally occurring proteins which yields only amino acids or their derivatives upon hydrolysis. These are of the following types: a. Albumins These proteins are soluble in water and coagulated by heat. They are precipitated by saturation with ammonium sulfate salt. These proteins are found both in animals and plants. Examples include serum albumin, ovalbumin and lactalbumin in animals and legumelin in plants. b. Globulins These are insoluble in water, sol ...
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