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Grade 8 chapter 6 section 1

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What Does DNA Look Like? Chapter 6:Genes age :144 learly.com/videos/what-is-dna/ & DNA Introduction • • • • • • • • All living things have genetic material The genetic material is known as DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid Its shape was a puzzle until 1950s DNA with proteins form the chromosomes DNA is the genetic material that determines the inherited characteristics Chromosomes are made of genes Genes are set of instructions for traits, codes for proteins, and the genes are portions of DNA strands The•Pieces Of The Puzzle The genetic material of a cell is able to give instructions for making new cells and maintaining cells • Genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is found in the nucleus while in prokaryotic cells it is found in the cytoplasm • Genetic material must be copied when the cell divides, so that the copied cells contain identical genes • Some mistakes can take place when DNA is copied • The changes or mistakes in the order of bases of DNA are called mutations Nucleotides The Subunits Of DNA • DNA is made of subunits called nucleotides • Nucleotides are made of : 1. Nitrogenous base 2. Phosphate 3. Sugar • All nucleotides have the same sugar and phosphate, but differ in the base • 4 types of bases : 1. adenine; A 2. Thymine; T 3. Guanine; G 4. Cytosine; C • Bases have different shapes DNA Double Structure • DNA looks like a twisted ladder • Each is made of two strands, double helix • Each strand is made of alter ...
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