Week 2 individual assignment 1

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Comparing Average Annual Percent of Diabetic Medicare Enrollees Age 65-75 having

Blood Lipids between Blacks and White Populations.

1. Introduction

Members of ethnic or racial groups in the United States (U.S.), including African Americans

(Blacks), suffer disproportionally from a wide range of chronic diseases, including types I and

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II diabetes. General statistics suggest that Black adults aged above 65 are 60% to 100% more

likely to suffer from diabetes or experience diabetes-related morbidities than their White

counterparts (Samsom et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2014; Kirkman et al., 2012). The contributing

factors for this racial disparity in diabetes prevalence among Black and White populations are

still unclear, but genetics, behavioral, physiological, environmental, and socioeconomic

contributors have been mentioned in the literature. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes

among the Black population, previous studies suggest that the Blacks are more susceptible to

the disease compared to Whites, and some of the contributing factors include unfavorable gene-

environment interactions, genetic propensity, and concentration of blood lipids (Signorello et al.,

2007; Rivera, Lebenbaum, & Rosella, 2015). Although these studies have succeeded in utilizing

nationally representative frames to quantitatively analyze whether diabetes disparity between

Blacks and Whites can be attributed to factors above other than race, much of the efforts are

directed to underlying preseasons for disparity rather than quantitatively evaluating the extent

of diabetes disparity. Using the available information from the Medicare National Data by

County (UMGC, 2019), which includes relatively large Blacks and Whites from generally

similar socioeconomic backgrounds (counties), this report has a unique opportunity to

quantitatively evaluate the disparity in the average annual percent of diabetic Medicare

enrollees age 65-75 having blood lipids between Black and White Populations.

2. Research Questions and Hypothesis

2.1 Research Question

The following research question guided this report;

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Comparing Average Annual Percent of Diabetic Medicare Enrollees Age 65-75 having Blood Lipids between Blacks and White Populations. 1. Introduction Members of ethnic or racial groups in the United States (U.S.), including African Americans (Blacks), suffer disproportionally from a wide range of chronic diseases, including types I and II diabetes. General statistics suggest that Black adults aged above 65 are 60% to 100% more likely to suffer from diabetes or experience diabetes-related morbidities than their White counterparts (Samsom et al., 2016; Shi et al., 2014; Kirkman et al., 2012). The contributing factors for this racial disparity in diabetes prevalence among Black and White populations are still unclear, but genetics, behavioral, physiological, environmental, and socioeconomic contributors have been mentioned in the literature. Because of the high prevalence of diabetes among the Black population, previous studies suggest that the Blacks are more susceptible to the disease compared to Whites, and some of the contributing factors include unfavorable gene environment interactions, genetic propensity, and concentration of blood lipids (Signorello et al., 2007; Rivera, Lebenbaum, & Rosella, 2015). Although these studies have succeeded in utilizing nationally representative frames to quantitatively analyze whether diabetes disparity between Blacks and Whites can be attributed to factors above other than race, much of the efforts are directed to underlying preseasons ...
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