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Introduction to biochemistry

Introduction to biochemistry

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Introduction to Biochemistry

What is Biochemistry?

• Bio= life

• Chemistry = how things interact

• Biochemistry= the branch of science in which you study the chemical and

physical processes that occur in an organism.

• It is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the

cellular and molecular level

What is Biochemistry?

• It emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of the 20th century

when scientists combined chemistry, physiology and biology to investigate

the chemistry of living systems by:

• Studying the structure and behavior of the complex molecules found in

biological material and the ways these molecules interact to form cells, tissues

and whole organ

Principles of Biochemistry

Cells

• (basic structural units of living organisms) are highly organized and constant

source of energy is required to maintain the ordered state.

• Living processes contains thousands of chemical reactions. Precise

regulation and integration of these reactions are required to maintain li

• Certain important reactions E.g. Glycolysis is found in almost all organisms.

• All organisms use the same type of molecules: CHO, proteins, lipids &

nucleic acids.

• Instructions for growth, reproduction and developments for each organism is

encoded in their DNA

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Matter…

◻ All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made of the same type building

blocks called atoms

◻ An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter

◻ All atoms have the same basic structure, composed of three smaller particles

• Proton – a positively charged particle in an atom’s nucleus

• Neutron – a neutral (no charge) particle which has about the same mass as a

proton and is also in the nucleus

• Electron – a negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus. Electrons

are much, much smaller than proton and neutrons

Compounds…

◻ Atoms form compounds in two ways

1. Ionic bonds – consists of ions and forms through the electrical force between

oppositely charged ions

■ An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons

■ Cation – an ion that loses electrons so becomes positively charged

■ Anion – an ion that gains electrons so becomes negatively charged

2. Covalent bonds – forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

■ A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Why elements bond the way they do?

All atoms want 8 electrons in their outer most energy level (shell).

This is called the octet rule.

That is why they do what they do

• Ionic bonds – gain or lose electrons

• Covalent share electrons

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Introduction to Biochemistry What is Biochemistry? • Bio= life • Chemistry = how things interact • Biochemistry= the branch of science in which you study the chemical and physical processes that occur in an organism. • It is the application of chemistry to the study of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level What is Biochemistry? • It emerged as a distinct discipline around the beginning of the 20th century when scientists combined chemistry, physiology and biology to investigate the chemistry of living systems by: • Studying the structure and behavior of the complex molecules found in biological material and the ways these molecules interact to form cells, tissues and whole organ Principles of Biochemistry Cells • (basic structural units of living organisms) are highly organized and constant source of energy is required to maintain the ordered state. • Living processes contains thousands of chemical reactions. Precise regulation and integration of these reactions are required to maintain li • Certain important reactions E.g. Glycolysis is found in almost all organisms. • All organisms use the same type of molecules: CHO, proteins, lipids & nucleic acids. • Instructions for growth, reproduction and developments for each organism is encoded in their DNA Matter… ◻ All matter, whether living or nonliving, is made of the same type building blocks called atoms ◻ An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter ◻ All atoms have the same ...
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