33875616 endocrine review notes

Content type

User Generated

Uploaded By

zngglnyrk

Pages

Rating

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS

COLLEGE OF NURSING

ENDOCRINE NOTES

Endocrine glands and its hormones:

PITUITARY GLAND – master gland since it controls all the other glands of the endocrine system

1.) Anterior Pituitary Gland ( adenohypophysis) – outgrowth of the pharynx

G H (somatotropine) - stimulation of somatic growth

TSH - stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones

PROLACTIN - regulation of milk production

ACTH - stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete adrenal hormones

LH - in women stimulate ovarian follicular development and ovulation, LH stimulates testosterone

biosynthesis in men

FSH – female egg cell production or male sperm production

MSH - cause hyperpigmentation of skin

2.) Posterior Pituitary Gland ( neurohypophysis) – extension of the hypothalamus

Oxytocin - stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells, stimulates milk delivery from the breast

during lactation.

ADH ( Vasopressin) - promotes water conservation by the kidney

ADRENAL GLANDS – a pair of glands located on top of the kidney poles

1.)adrenal cortex – outer part of the adrenal gland

Sugar – glucocorticoids ( cortisone)

Salt – mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone)

Sex – gonadal hormones ( androgen, estrogen)

2.) adrenal medulla – inner part of the adrenal gland

CATECHOLAMINES – fight or flight response of the body

Epinephrine ( adrenalin)

Norepinephrine ( noradrenalin)

THYROID GLAND

T3 ( TRIIDOTHYRONINE) – metabolically active form of T4

T4 (THYROXINE) – contains iodine essential for normal growth and metabolism

THYROCALCITONIN – decreases calcium concentration in the blood

PARATHYROID GLAND

PARATHYROID HORMONE( PARATHORMONE, PTH)

- increases calcium concentration in the blood

PANCREAS

2 FUNCTIONS:

1. EXOCRINE – Produces pancreatic juices which are used in the duodenum as an important part in the

digestive system

2. ENDOCRINE – ISLETS OF LANGERHANS -

ALPHA CELLS (GLUCAGON) – increases blood glucose by glycogenolysis

BETA CELLS (INSULIN) – decreases blood glucose by glycogenesis, transports glucose into cells for

utilization

DELTA CELLS (SOMATOSTATIN) – inhibits the secretion of glucagon and insulin

Disorders of the Pituitary Gland

HYPOPITUITARISM

( dwarfism)

HYPERPITUITARISM

( gigantism, acromegaly)

DEFINITION

Hyposecretion of GH

Hypersecretion of GH

gigantism – before closure of

epiphyseal plate

acromegaly – after closure of

epiphyseal plate

S/S

Retarded physical growth

Premature aging

Low intellectual devt

Poor devt of secondary sex

characteristics

Coarse facial features

Large hands and feet

Thickening and protrusion of

the jaw

Arthritic changes

Organomegaly

MANAGEMENT

provide emotional support

encourage expression of

feelings r/t altered body image

prepare to administer human

growth hormone(hGH)

provide emotional support r/t

altered body image

provide frequent skin care

provide pharmacological and

nonpharmacological

interventions for joint pain

prepare the client for radiation

of the pituitary gland as

prescribe

SURGERY

HYPOPHYSECTOMY

COMPLICATION/S

Increase ICP

Bleeding

CSF leakage

Temporary DI

DIABETES INSIPIDUS

(DI)

SYNDROME OF

INAPPROPRIATE

SECRETION OF ADH

(SIADH)

DEFINITION

Hyposecretion of ADH

Hypersecretion of ADH

LAB/DX

(+) fluid deprivation test

S/S

Polyuria of 4 to 24 L/day

Polydipsia

Dehydration

Inability to concentrate urine

A low urinary specific

gravity:1.006 or less

Postural hypotension

Signs of fluid overload

• Weight gain

• Hypertension

Dilutional Hyponatremia

• Changes in LOC and

mental status changes

MANAGEMENT

monitor electrolyte values and

for signs of dehydration

monitor I&O, weights, specific

gravity of urine

provide a safe envt, particularly

for the client with changes in

LOC

monitor I&O and obtain daily

weights

End of Preview - Want to read all 8 pages?

Access Now

Unformatted Attachment Preview

1 UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS COLLEGE OF NURSING ENDOCRINE NOTES Endocrine glands and its hormones: PITUITARY GLAND – master gland since it controls all the other glands of the endocrine system 1.) Anterior Pituitary Gland ( adenohypophysis) – outgrowth of the pharynx G H (somatotropine) - stimulation of somatic growth TSH - stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones PROLACTIN - regulation of milk production ACTH - stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete adrenal hormones LH - in women stimulate ovarian follicular development and ovulation, LH stimulates testosterone biosynthesis in men FSH – female egg cell production or male sperm production MSH - cause hyperpigmentation of skin 2.) Posterior Pituitary Gland ( neurohypophysis) – extension of the hypothalamus Oxytocin - stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells, stimulates milk delivery from the breast during lactation. ADH ( Vasopressin) - promotes water conservation by the kidney ADRENAL GLANDS – a pair of glands located on top of the kidney poles 1.)adrenal cortex – outer part of the adrenal gland Sugar – glucocorticoids ( cortisone) Salt – mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone) Sex – gonadal hormones ( androgen, estrogen) 2.) adrenal medulla – inner part of the adrenal gland CATECHOLAMINES – fight or flight response of the body Epinephrine ( adrenalin) Norepinephrine ( noradrenalin) THYROID GLAND T3 ( TRIIDOTHYRONINE) – metabolically active form of T4 T4 (THYROXINE) – contains iodi ...
Purchase document to see full attachment