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Compendium Notes Chapter 13 – Nervous System

Index:

Overview of Nervous System

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System

13.1 Overview of Nervous System (Mader p. 248 – 253)

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

a. Brain and Spinal Cord.

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

a. Consists of nerves that lie outside the CNS.

Nervous System has 3 Specific Functions:

1. Receives sensory input – Sensory receptors in skin and other organs respond to

external and internal stimuli by generating nerve impulses.

2. Performs integration – the CNS sums up the input it receives from all over the

body.

3. The CNS generates motor output – nerve impulses from the CNS go through PNS

to muscles and glands.

Nervous Tissue

-Contains two types of cells: Neurons and Neuroglian.

-Neurons are cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous

system

-Neuroglia support and nourish neurons.

Neuron Structure

Three types of Neurons:

1. Sensory Neuron

a. Takes nerve impulses from sensory receptor to the CNS. Sensory

receptors are special structures that detect changes in the environment.

2. Interneuron

a. Lies entirely within the CNS; they can receive input from sensory neurons

and also from other interneurons in the CNS. They sum up all the nerve

impulses received from neurons before they communicate with motor

neurons.

3. Motor Neuron

a. Takes nerve impulses away from the CNS to an effector (muscle fiber or

gland). Effectors carry out our responses to environmental changes

(internal and external).

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