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CHM 101 GENERAL CHEMISTRY FALL QUARTER 2008 Section 2 Lecture Notes – 11/3/2008 (last revised: 11/2/08, 11:45 PM) 5.1 • Pressure Recall the common properties of gases: o A gas will uniformly fill any container. o A gas is easily compressed. o A gas mixes completely with any other gas. o A gas exerts pressure on its surroundings. • The Pressure of the Atmosphere: Figure 5.1 pictures a dramatic demonstration of the pressure exerted by the earth’s atmosphere. Panel a) shows a metal can, open to the atmosphere and full of steam. When the can is sealed and allowed to cool, the steam inside condenses and the pressure inside the can falls to a small fraction of atmospheric pressure. Panel b) shows the consequence of this imbalance in pressure: the can collapses. The pressure of the atmosphere crushes it. Page 1 of 20 F:\2008\LTCC\DrPhilsChemistryWebsite\2008CHM101Fall\CHM101LectureNotes20081103.htm11/02/2008 23:48 Panel a) Page 2 of 20 F:\2008\LTCC\DrPhilsChemistryWebsite\2008CHM101Fall\CHM101LectureNotes20081103.htm11/02/2008 23:48 Panel b) • Measuring the Pressure of the Atmosphere: Atmospheric pressure can be measured with a barometer, a device pictured in Figure 5.2. A long glass tube is filled with mercury, a liquid metal with a high density (13.6 g/cm3), is inverted in a dish of mercury. Some of the mercury flows from the tube into the dish, creating a vacuum at the top of the tube, but most of the mercury stays up in the tube, seemingly defying gravity. ...
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