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Nausea and Vomiting

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Nausea and Vomiting: Symptoms of GI Disorders: Merck Manual Professional > SEE ALL MERCK MANUALS Page 1 of 6 SEARCH Merck Manual > Health Care Professionals > Gastrointestinal Disorders > Symptoms of GI Disorders These search terms have been highlighted nausea Nausea and Vomiting Nausea and Vomiting in Adults: A Merck Manual of Patient Symptoms podcast (For nausea and vomiting in infants and children, see Nausea and Vomiting in Infants and Children.) Nausea, the unpleasant feeling of needing to vomit, represents awareness of afferent stimuli (including increased parasympathetic tone) to the medullary vomiting center. Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of gastric contents caused by involuntary contraction of the abdominal musculature when the gastric fundus and lower esophageal sphincter are relaxed. Vomiting should be distinguished from regurgitation, the spitting up of gastric contents without associated nausea or forceful abdominal muscular contractions. Patients with achalasia or rumination syndrome or a Zenker diverticulum may regurgitate undigested food without nausea. Complications: Severe vomiting can lead to symptomatic dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities (typically a metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia) or rarely to an esophageal tear, either partial (Mallory-Weiss) or complete (Boerhaave syndrome). Chronic vomiting can result in undernutrition, weight loss, and metabolic abnormalities. Etiology Nausea and vomiting occur in response to conditions that a ...
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