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Q. 1. What are the basic steps of a sociological research project?
The basic steps of conducting a sociological research projects are the following (p.38-48):
1. Choosing a research topic
2. Conducting a literature review
3. Formulating a hypothesis
4. Measuring variables and gathering data
5. Sampling
6. Analyzing data
7. Drawing a conclusion
Q.2. what is a variable?
A variable is defined as an entity or factor which can vary or differ between the units of analyses
which an investigator is exploring. The key variables in sociology-related researched on
individuals in the community being the units of analysis comprise sex, racial and ethnical
variables, societal-class, age in years for adults or months in case of children, and any amount of
attitudes & behaviors. (p. 41)
Q.3. What are the independent and dependent variables?
Independent variables are variables which are not affected by a change in another variable. On
the other hand dependent variables are those variables which can change or vary when another
variable (the independent variable) is changed or varies.

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For example, sex or gender of a person is an independent variable and the risk of developing a
disease as a result of having a particular sex or gender is an dependent variable. (p.41)
Q.4. What are the different types of research methods?
The different types of research methods are (p. 49-54):
1. Surveys
2. Experiments
3. Observational studies and intensive interviewing
4. Existing data
Q.5. How might they help us to recognize and understand social problems?
These methods help a lot in recognizing and understanding the social problems. The first step of
the research process is identification of a social issue or choosing a research topic. This in itself
helps a lot in identifying the social problems in the first place. Furthermore, a literature review is
done as a part of the research which helps a lot in understanding the social problems. Measuring
the variables and gathering data also plays a vital role in understanding of the social problems
and their magnitude. Often during research, suggestions for further research come up as a part of
the research process and recommendations are furnished for the resolution of problems identified
which help a lot regarding social issues (p.38-48)

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Q. 1. What are the basic steps of a sociological research project? The basic steps of conducting a sociological research projects are the following (p.38-48): 1. Choosing a research topic 2. Conducting a literature review 3. Formulating a hypothesis 4. Measuring variables and gathering data 5. Sampling 6. Analyzing data 7. Drawing a conclusion Q.2. what is a variable? A variable is defined as an entity or factor which can vary or differ between the units of analyses which an investigator is exploring. The key variables in sociology-related researched on individuals in the community being the units of analysis comprise sex, racial and ethnical variables, societal-class, age in years for adults or months in case of children, and any amount of attitudes & behaviors. (p. 41) Q.3. What are the independent and dependent variables? Independent variables are variables which are not affected by ...
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