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GnRH

Structure from which it originates: Hypothalamus

The structure on which it acts: Anterior pituitary

The hormones function: It is classified as a releasing hormone responsible for the

release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the

anterior pituitary gland (Ehlers and Halvorson, 2013).

The effect it has on other hormones: It stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH by the

anterior pituitary gland.

Male hormones

Testosterone

Structure from which it originates: Testicles

The structure on which it acts: Male reproductive organs, testes, prostate, penis etc.

The hormones function: testosterone plays a principal role in the development of male

reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting the

development of secondary sexual characteristics e.g. greater muscle and bone mass,

and the growth of body hair. Additionally, testosterone is responsible for general

health and well-being, and the avoidance of osteoporosis.

The effect it has on other hormones: Not much.

Follicle Stimulating hormone

Structure from which it originates: Anterior pituitary gland

The structure on which it acts: Testes

The hormones function: FSH induces Sertoli cells (Bowen, 2004) to secrete

androgen-binding proteins (ABPs), regulated by inhibin's negative feedback

mechanism on the anterior pituitary. It results in spermatogenesis.

The effect it has on other hormones: It stimulates Inhibin secretion.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Structure from which it originates: Anterior Pituitary gland

The structure on which it acts: Testes

The hormones function: LH acts on the Leydig cells ((Bowen, 2004) of testis and its

regulation is done by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The Leydig cells

secrete testosterone under the influence of LH.

The effect it has on other hormones: Pituitary gland secretes LH and this secretion is

controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Low testosterone levels stimulate

GnRH secretion by hypothalamus, resulting in LH secretion by the pituitary gland.

Raised testosterone levels act on the hypothalamus and pituitary via negative

feedback mechanisms and inhibit the secretion of GnRH and LH

GnRH

Structure from which it originates: Hypothalamus

The structure on which it acts: Anterior pituitary

The hormones function: GnRH is a releasing hormone involved in the release of

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior

pituitary

The effect it has on other hormones: It stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH from

the anterior pituitary gland (Ehlers and Halvorson, 2013).

Inhibin

Structure from which it originates: It is secreted from the Sertoli cells, located in the

seminiferous tubules inside the testes.

The structure on which it acts: Anterior pituitary gland.

The hormones function: inhibin down regulates FSH synthesis and inhibits FSH

secretion.

The effect it has on other hormones: inhibin inhibits FSH secretion. Androgens

stimulate the production of inhibin.

Task 2b

Structure & function

Female organs

Ovaries

Ovaries are oval shaped female reproductive organs lying in the pelvis and are

responsible for production of ova i.e. the female gametes.

Fallopian tubes

Fallopian tubes are two fimbriated tubes which are connected to uterus on one end to

the uterus and open up in front of ovaries on their respective sides. They carry ova

from ovaries to the uterus.

Uterus

Uterus lies in the pelvis immediately. Structurally, it is a pear shaped organ.

Anatomically it has four regions:

➢ The fundus,

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GnRH Structure from which it originates: Hypothalamus The structure on which it acts: Anterior pituitary The hormones function: It is classified as a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland (Ehlers and Halvorson, 2013). The effect it has on other hormones: It stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary gland. Male hormones Testosterone Structure from which it originates: Testicles The structure on which it acts: Male reproductive organs, testes, prostate, penis etc. The hormones function: testosterone plays a principal role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate, as well as promoting the development of secondary sexual characteristics e.g. greater muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair. Additionally, testosterone is responsible for general health and well-being, and the avoidance of osteoporosis. The effect it has on other hormones: Not much. Follicle Stimulating hormone Structure from which it originates: Anterior pituitary gland The structure on which it acts: Testes The hormones function: FSH induces Sertoli cells (Bowen, 2004) to secrete androgen-binding proteins (ABPs), regulated by inhibin's negative feedback mechanism on the anterior pituitary. It results in spermatogenesis. The effect it has on other hormones: It stimulates Inhibin secretion. Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Structure from which it ...
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