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Amended EJOB 143427

Amended EJOB 143427

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Respectful Care in a Facility-Based Child Birth in Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia

Definitions of Respectful Care

Respectful care is an important professional, ethical, and cultural aspect of the provision of

obstetric services. The White Ribbon Alliance (WRA), a voluntary international level

organisation, introduces the concept of respectful care in maternity services as follows

(WRA, 2019): “Respectful maternity care (RMC) is defined as a universal human right

which is admissible to the entire childbearing women in each health system across the

globe.”

The World Health Organization (WHO), which is the premier global-level organisation

patronising the provision of healthcare services across the world, defines respectful care in an

elaborate manner. The World Health Organization defines respectful care as the maternity

care, the organisation of and provision to all the females undergoing child birth is arranged in

such a way which ensures the maintenance of their self-respect, dignity, privacy, and

confidentiality, whilst ensuring protection from harm and manhandling/mistreatment and at

the same time enabling the women to make informed choices and provides continual support

throughout the various stages of labour and childbearing (WHO, 2019).

The concept of respectful care is thoroughly supported by the Johns Hopkins Program for

International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO). The organization has the

mission of creating and delivering transformational healthcare initiatives aimed at saving

lives. JHPIEGO, by partnering with the governments of various countries, healthcare experts

and local community members, improves on the service providers’ skill-level while

developing such systems which are capable of saving lives and guaranteeing a future with

better prospects to the females and their family (JHPIEGO, 2019).JHPIEGO defines

respectful care as the birth processes conducted respectfully, and with dignity so as to

increase the births taking place at the facility level while making sure that women-rights are

upheld (JIHPIEGO, 2019)

Freedman et al. (2014) define respectful care in terms of defining what constitutes disrespect

and abuse in women while they are in the process of childbirth based on a policy and rights

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agenda. The researcher based the definitions of disrespect and abuse on two projects which

had the aim of promoting mother care during child birth, one being undertaken in Kenya,

while the other being undertaken in the United Republic of Tanzania. The researcher

describes the literature on the subject matter as being anecdotal and not comprehensive, and

having defined to exist as seven categories adopted from the Bowser and Hill classification.

Critical Comparison and contrast amongst the definitions and classification of

disrespect & abuse during childbirth

Various researchers have identified various definitions and scopes of Respectful Maternity

Care. Similarly, the various researchers classify them in various ways. A comparison (Table

1) and contrast (Table 2) of the same is presented as under with reference to the work of

Bowser and Hill (2010) and Bohren et al. (2015).

Bohren et al. (2015) define respectful care as a key component of the mother-friendly as well

as baby-friendly births initiative. Bohren et al. (2015) focus their attention on the various

aspects of the disrespectful and abusive care (D&A), which is frequently seen and defines the

instances which can be considered to be D&A during the process of child birth.

This compares well with Bowser and Hill (2010), who also emphasise on the concept of

disrespect and abuse during child birth. However, Bowser and Hill define the concept of

disrespect and abuse during child birth in terms of non-dignified and non-patient-centred

maternity care in contrast to the desired dignified and patient-centred care.

According to Bowser and Hill (2010), the definition and classes of disrespect and abuse

during child bearing process is based on an extensive review of the literature and evidence in

the subject matter. Therefore, the Bowser and Hill classification is quite comprehensive and

takes into account a large number of publications which have been made on the subject

matter in the past. Bowser & Hill describe as many as seven categories of disrespect and

abuse during childbearing, which include physical-abuse, care without consent, care without

confidentiality, care without dignity, discriminating on the basis of peculiar attributes of the

patients, care abandonment and detention of the patient in facilities. A critical review of these

seven categories of disrespect and abuse demonstrates that they depict the various faces of

disrespect women often encounter during their childbearing process within a healthcare

facility. Furthermore, the nature of abuse defined by Bowser and Hill is objective.

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Respectful Care in a Facility-Based Child Birth in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Definitions of Respectful Care Respectful care is an important professional, ethical, and cultural aspect of the provision of obstetric services. The White Ribbon Alliance (WRA), a voluntary international level organisation, introduces the concept of respectful care in maternity services as follows (WRA, 2019): “Respectful maternity care (RMC) is defined as a universal human right which is admissible to the entire childbearing women in each health system across the globe.” The World Health Organization (WHO), which is the premier global-level organisation patronising the provision of healthcare services across the world, defines respectful care in an elaborate manner. The World Health Organization defines respectful care as the maternity care, the organisation of and provision to all the females undergoing child birth is arranged in such a way which ensures the maintenance of their self-respect, dignity, privacy, and confidentiality, whilst ensuring protection from harm and manhandling/mistreatment and at the same time enabling the women to make informed choices and provides continual support throughout the various stages of labour and childbearing (WHO, 2019). The concept of respectful care is thoroughly supported by the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO). The organization has the mission of creating and delivering transformational healthcare ...
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