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MATERIAL AND METHODS

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MATERIAL AND METHODS
STUDY DESIGN
Case-Control study.
STUDY SETTING
The research will be conducted in the Ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital Lahore.
STUDY POPULATION
The study population will be the residents of Lahore Cantt.
STUDY DURATION
The duration of study will be 9 months after approval of synopsis
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Simple Random Sampling
SAMPLE SIZE
1. For 80% power, Z
=.84
2. For 0.05 significance level, Z
=1.96
3. r=1 (equal number of cases and controls)
4. The proportion exposed in the control group is 20%
5. To get proportion of cases exposed:
Average person exposed = (.33+.20)/2= 0.265
Therefore = 362 (Cases=181 Control = 181)
To reduce error I will increase Sample Size i.e. (Cases= 200 Control = 200)

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SAMPLE SELECTION
Inclusion criteria:
1. Age of patients (years): 40 and above
2. Patients attending ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital Lahore with diminished
vision.
3. The controls will be selected from the patients attending the hospital for conditions
other than the cataract.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
1. Age less than 40 years
2. Patients of congenital cataract
3. Patients having any other eye disorder.
VARIABLES
1. Age of patient
2. Gender
3. Socio-economic status
4. Education
5. Occupation
6. Diabetes mellitus
7. Hypertension
8. Smoking habits
DATA COLLECTION TOOLS:
Prior permission to participate in the study (Annexure-1)
Data will be collected through self structured questionnaire (Annexure-II)
DATA COLLECTION METHOD

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MATERIAL AND METHODS STUDY DESIGN Case-Control study. STUDY SETTING The research will be conducted in the Ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital Lahore. STUDY POPULATION The study population will be the residents of Lahore Cantt. STUDY DURATION The duration of study will be 9 months after approval of synopsis SAMPLING TECHNIQUE: Simple Random Sampling SAMPLE SIZE 1. For 80% power, Z =.84  2. For 0.05 significance level, Z =1.96  3. r=1 (equal number of cases and controls) 4. The proportion exposed in the control group is 20% 5. To get proportion of cases exposed: Average person exposed = (.33+.20)/2= 0.265 Therefore = 362 (Cases=181 Control = 181) To reduce error I will increase Sample Size i.e. (Cases= 200 Control = 200) SAMPLE SELECTION Inclusion criteria: 1. Age of patients (years): 40 and above 2. Patients attending ophthalmology OPD of Avicenna Hospital Lahore with d ...
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