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Dr. Sajid Ali Khan
Institute of Public Health Lahore Roll No. 652-17
Factors Contributing Towards Autism among Children
Visiting the Children Hospital and the Institute of Child
Health Lahore: A Case Control Study
Second draft
Dr. Sajid Ali Khan
Roll No. 652-17
MPH

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Dr. Sajid Ali Khan
Institute of Public Health Lahore Roll No. 652-17
INTRODUCTION

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1 Factors Contributing Towards Autism among Children Visiting the Children Hospital and the Institute of Child Health Lahore: A Case Control Study Second draft Dr. Sajid Ali Khan Roll No. 652-17 MPH Dr. Sajid Ali Khan Institute of Public Health Lahore Roll No. 652-17 2 INTRODUCTION Dr. Sajid Ali Khan Institute of Public Health Lahore Roll No. 652-17 3 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a behavioral profile present in early childhood. ASD is defined by deficits in communication and socialization, as well as the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Social deficits include diminished nonverbal communication (e.g., eye contact, gestures, pointing), and a failure to share experiences with others, both of which result in an inability to form reciprocal relationships 1. Males are affected with ASD more frequently than females with an average male-to-female ratio of 4:1. ASD includes various conditions, including Autistic Disorder (or Autism), classified as Pervasive Developmental Disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Revised (DSM-IV-TR). ASD is typically diagnosed in early childhood and remains a lifelong condition. It is currently estimated that as many as 1 in 88 children in the United States has ASD 1. The prevalence has increased steadily over the past decades, and while we know there has been an increase in the diagnosis of ASD, it is not known wheth ...
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