Re Corrected HNHS 112 Physiological Principles for heath and social care Nov 27

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Task 1

Basic explanation of the systems

The skeletal system is a system of tissues and organs which is designed to give the

form and structure to the human body and provides a framework to support various

organs of the body and to protect them (Clarke, 2008). It comprises the bones and

joints present in the body. The muscular system is built upon the skeletal system in the

form of muscles, tendons and ligaments and it ensures the mobility of various parts of

the body. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart which is the pump of the

body which circulates blood all across the body through a network of vessels

discussed later on (Clarke, 2008).

Gross anatomy and functions of the systems

Figure 1: Gross anatomy of the musculo skeletal system (Anatomy-Medicine.

2017)

Skeletal system

The skeletal system comprises of 206 bones (Umadevi Geethalakshmi, 2011). These

bones are joined together through various kinds of joints which are structures which

hold together two individual bones yet allowing for their movement against each other

if required.

The first component of the skeletal system is the axial skeleton. The axial skeleton as

its name implies is the central framework of bones from the head to the torso. Moving

down from the head downward, the parts of axial skeleton are the skull or cranium,

which is the combined name for twenty two bones joined together to form a cage in

which the human brain is housed. Twenty one out of the twenty two bones comprising

the skull are fused together while one bone makes a movable joint with rest of the

bones. This bone is called the mandible or the jaw and its movement allows the action

of chewing.

Next in the axial skeleton is the hyoid bone. It is located below the skull in the region

of throat and its function is to keep our air-pipe (trachea) open at all times and also to

serve as an attachment site for the muscles of the Tounge.

Some very small bones also form a part of the axial skeleton and are located inside the

inner ear. They are called ossicles and are named as malleus, incus and stapes. Going

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