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Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases (CHST)
Introduction
Sulfated carbohydrates mediate various processes that involve extracellular
recognition, both in physiological and pathological states. Carbohydrate
sulfotransferases (CHST) are transmembrane, resident enzymes of the Golgi network.
Their chief role is to identify the glycans attached to lipids and proteins that pass
through the secretory pathway. The carbohydrate sulfotransferases are structurally as
well as functionally distinct cytosolic sulfotransferases capable of recognizing small
molecule substrates like neurotransmitters, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids (Zhao et
al., 2010).
CHST in Carcinogenesis
Various analogs of CHST have been implicated as contributors to
carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Chondroitin sulfates (CS) constitute more than
80% glycosaminoglycans of the articular cartilage having various physiological
functions (Mizumoto, 2019). Aberrant activation of the CHST gene is linked to
pathological processes like tumor initiation and progression. The CHST and
chondroitin sulfate are also involved in metastasis at various sites (Matsuda et al.,
2019). For an instance, CHST15, CHST7, CHST11, CHST3, and CHST13 have been

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found to have functional relevance and prognostic potential in various types of cancers
(Zhou et al., 2016).
CHST15 has been evidenced to be involved in the region of the TE-1 cell
proliferation and apoptosis. A range of in vitro studies including clonogenic assay,
MTT assay was performed in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The
observations revealed that overexpression of CHST15 was present in cancer cells as
compared to normal cells (Kai et al., 2017). This indicates the therapeutic potential of
CHST via inhibition of cell proliferation and activation of apoptosis (Wang et al., 2019).
Experiments in normal and malignant human prostate epithelial and stromal cells
suggest a reciprocal relationship between CHST15 and arylsulfatase B (ARSB).
Overexpression of CHST15 subsequently leads to activation of non-canonical WNT
signaling, a characteristic hallmark of cancer (Bhattacharyya et al., 2020). CHST15
expression has also been reported in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Ito et al.,
2017). It functions as a predictive marker of disease-free survival and overall survival.
In addition to carcinogenesis, polymorphisms in CHST3 and CHST13 genes have
been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (Yorifuji et al., 2018) as well as skeletal
dysplasia (Searle et al., 2014) (Mizumoto, 2019).
Post-translational modification of the CHST7 gene in the form of DNA
methylation contributes to tumor development (HERMAN et al., 2015). This was
confirmed by evaluating the impact of CHST7 encoded by the X chromosome on
colorectal cancer. The results indicate that hypermethylation of CHST7 in the white
blood cells increased the risk of colorectal cancer (Bi et al., 2019). Similarly, the role
of CHST has been evidenced in non-malignant pulmonary inflammations and lung
cancer. It gets abnormally elevated in the cancerous cells and acts as a promising
biomarker for differential diagnosis of malignancy (Debeljak et al., 2018).

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Carbohydrate Sulfotransferases (CHST) Introduction Sulfated carbohydrates mediate various processes that involve extracellular recognition, both in physiological and pathological states. Carbohydrate sulfotransferases (CHST) are transmembrane, resident enzymes of the Golgi network. Their chief role is to identify the glycans attached to lipids and proteins that pass through the secretory pathway. The carbohydrate sulfotransferases are structurally as well as functionally distinct cytosolic sulfotransferases capable of recognizing small molecule substrates like neurotransmitters, phenols, flavonoids, and steroids (Zhao et al., 2010). CHST in Carcinogenesis Various analogs of CHST have been implicated as contributors to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Chondroitin sulfates (CS) constitute more than 80% glycosaminoglycans of the articular cartilage having various physiological functions (Mizumoto, 2019). Aberrant activation of the CHST gene is linked to pathological processes like tumor initiation and progression. The CHST and chondroitin sulfate are also involved in metastasis at various sites (Matsuda et al., 2019). For an instance, CHST15, CHST7, CHST11, CHST3, and CHST13 have been found to have functional relevance and prognostic potential in various types of cancers (Zhou et al., 2016). CHST15 has been evidenced to be involved in the region of the TE-1 cell proliferation and apoptosis. A range of in vitro studies including clonogenic assay, MTT assay was per ...
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