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Cl 143313 ThDJi 143313 Task Details

Cl 143313 ThDJi 143313 Task Details

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Dissertation Title:

A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey to Explore the Attitudes, Knowledge, and

Practice of Anaesthesia Teams towards Evidence-Based Practice in a Medical City in

Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.

Dissertation Structure

Abstract: 300 words

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.

Background

In healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is defined as the process of decision making by

integrating the finest clinical research evidence with clinical experience and the patient’s

preferences and values (Sackett et al. 2000; Institute of Medicine 2003). The aim of EBP is to

deliver consistent high-quality healthcare services where the decision of the healthcare

practitioner (HCP) will be based on the evaluation of the best evidence without depending on

traditional treatments (World Health Organisation [WHO] 2017). Therefore, EBP is

considered crucial to delivering safe practice with high quality care to enhance patient

outcomes (Carlson and Plonczynski 2008). Thus, HCPs are expected to have a sufficient

knowledge base to search for related information, review the literature, and ask questions

regarding relevance and reliability to appropriately assess and employ the existing evidence

in their practices (Smith and Noble 2016).

The continuous increase in the cost in healthcare services has made healthcare organisations

around the world struggle in how to reduce the cost of expenses without affecting the quality

of care (WHO 2018). However, medical errors and poor quality represent a continuous

challenge in any medical field (Melnyk et al. 2014). In the United Kingdom (UK), there are

estimated to be around 200 million medical errors annually with an average of 22,000 deaths,

with a cost of around £1.9 billion (Policy Research Unit in Economic Evaluation of Health

and Care interventions 2018) whereas, in the United State (US), there are around 1.5 million

medical errors with an average of 98,000 deaths, and a cost of up to $19 billion annually

(James 2013). However, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), around 40,000 medical

errors occur annually leading to around 3,000 deaths with an approximate cost of $3.6 billion

(Alsafi et al. 2015; Ghaffar et al. 2015).

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Therefore, in the past two decades, EBP has become a global concern for both healthcare

personnel and administrative staff as well as researchers and policymakers (Gerrish et al.

2008). Most healthcare organisations globally have found that EBP offers remarkable

outcomes in terms of reduced mortality, morbidity, and medical errors and greater cost

effectiveness (Department of Health 2017). Healthcare institutions globally could reduce

their expenses by 30% if patients received evidence-based care (Melnyk et al. 2014). Also,

WHO (2017) revealed that employing EBP in practice can save a minimum of £4.5 million

annually in each hospital. Furthermore, in the UK, EBP reduced the cost of one of the most

common surgical procedures by 63% from its original cost (Williamson et al. 2018) while in

the US, EBP saved about 35% from the total cost of oncology patients suffering from lung

cancer, keeping in mind that lung cancer is the second most common disease diagnosed in the

US (Neubauer et al. 2009; American Cancer Society 2018). Thus, the Health and Care

Professions Council (HCPC) (2016) highlighted the importance of providing evidence-based

care to ensure that patients receive appropriate care of a sufficiently high quality.

In the past, anaesthesia teams have based their clinical judgments on daily practice, expert

sources, or textbooks and not on scientific evidence-based studies (Pellegrini 2006).

Anaesthesia Teams (ATs) mainly comprise an anaesthesia physician (consultant, senior

registrar, or resident) and a technologist. The anaesthesia technologist is defined as a

healthcare practitioner who has a wide range of knowledge in anaesthetic equipment and

techniques to assist the anaesthetists perioperatively (before, during, and after any surgical

procedure) (New Zealand Anaesthetic Technicians Society 2012). The name of the

profession differs from one country to another: for example, in the US, they are known as

anaesthesia technicians or anaesthesia technologists whereas in the UK, they are known as

Operating Department Practitioners (ODP) (Van Bezek and Boer. 2006).

Although EBP has proved its effectiveness in different clinical organisations, its uptake by

HCPs is below the optimum levels (Braschi 2018). In clinical practice, there has been a

variance between the amount of research evidence and the practice of such evidence (Grol

and Grimshaw 2003); in the Netherlands and the US, between 30% and 40% of patients do

not receive evidence-based care and for nearly 25% of them, their care is deemed to be

unnecessary (Bahadori et al. 2016). Indeed, about 30% of clinical decisions taken by medical

staff were found to be either unnecessary or could have caused harm to the patients

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Dissertation Title: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Survey to Explore the Attitudes, Knowledge, and Practice of Anaesthesia Teams towards Evidence-Based Practice in a Medical City in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. Dissertation Structure Abstract: 300 words CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION. Background In healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is defined as the process of decision making by integrating the finest clinical research evidence with clinical experience and the patient’s preferences and values (Sackett et al. 2000; Institute of Medicine 2003). The aim of EBP is to deliver consistent high-quality healthcare services where the decision of the healthcare practitioner (HCP) will be based on the evaluation of the best evidence without depending on traditional treatments (World Health Organisation [WHO] 2017). Therefore, EBP is considered crucial to delivering safe practice with high quality care to enhance patient outcomes (Carlson and Plonczynski 2008). Thus, HCPs are expected to have a sufficient knowledge base to search for related information, review the literature, and ask questions regarding relevance and reliability to appropriately assess and employ the existing evidence in their practices (Smith and Noble 2016). The continuous increase in the cost in healthcare services has made healthcare organisations around the world struggle in how to reduce the cost of expenses without affecting the quality of care (WHO 2018). However, medical errors and poor quality represent ...
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