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Milestone 1: The Nervous System
Lindsay Kearns
BIO-210
T. Lane
March 15, 2018
The Nervous System is the major control system of the body, which synchronizes physiologic
activity by interpreting incoming stimuli and is responsible for memory and reasoning
Location/Anatomical Features:
There are two major parts of the nervous system: the central nervous system (CNS) and
the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, found in the dorsal cavity, which is
posterior to the ventral cavity. The brain is located in the upper dorsal cavity known as
the cranial cavity, and the spinal cord is located in the lower portion of the dorsal cavity,
called the vertebral canal.
The PNS consists of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia (nerve cell bodies). Cranial
and spinal nerves extend from the brain and spinal cord.
Physiological Functions/Histology
The nervous system uses sensory receptors to detect internal and external stimuli, then
sends electrical nerve impulses via neurons to generate a response within the
appropriate muscles or glands (effectors) in order to maintain homeostasis.
Neurons are the main cells that communicate by transmitting messages to create
thought, emotion, and behavior. The three types of neurons are sensory neurons, motor
neurons, and interneurons.
Neuroglia, or glial cells, are the support cells of the CNS. They group together to
support, insulate, and protect neurons. Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal, and
oligodendrocytes are different types of glia, which each have their own supportive
functions, but are not able to transmit nerve impulses.
Schwann cells and satellite cells are the supporting cells in the PNS.
At the same time an impulse reaches the effector, it also reaches the brain.

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Milestone 1: The Nervous System Lindsay Kearns BIO-210 T. Lane March 15, 2018 The Nervous System is the major control system of the body, which synchronizes physiologic activity by interpreting incoming stimuli and is responsible for memory and reasoning Location/Anatomical Features: • There are two major parts of the nervous system: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). • The CNS consists of the brain and the spinal cord, found in the dorsal cavity, which is posterior to the ventral cavity. The brain is located in the upper dorsal cavity known as the ...
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