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Mid Term SO338 docx

Mid Term SO338 docx

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Brittney Abel

Mid-Term Exam Questions

1. How does a football game reflect a symbolic reality? How is this reality communicated and

what are some of the symbols?

When we look at a football game and compare it to symbolic reality, we can see

how people demonstrate symbolic reality. According to our text, “Even in situations that

have a physical character, such as sporting events, people are guided by and respond to

symbolic reality.” (pp. 24) One way to look at how football can demonstrate this is by

seeing how as a team you create sportsmanship and teamwork. “Hustle, sportsmanship,

and teamwork are not objective behaviors but rather depend on symbolic interpretations

within the context of a sports event.” (pp.24)

Some symbols that can be used in the sport of football can be play calling,

nicknames given for playing calling, and stickers that football players collect on their

helmets. For example, the start of each College football season we see the helmets of the

players and some have more stickers than others. The stickers each represent a significant

goal met by the player and by the end of the season you will see that the majority of the

helmets are covered by the stickers. These are representations of symbols.

2. What is socialization? How does this concept relate to the nature/nurture debate?

Socialization is defined as, “the process beginning during childhood by which

individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society.” (Citation [Def. 1].

(n.d.). In Merriam Webster Online) When it comes to nature/nurture debate and

socialization, some tend to look at how a child was brought up by their parents and the

relationships around us that determines how they will act in relationships and with

people in society. They would say that is the nurture portion. However, others find that

even through nurture, some believe that our attitudes, beliefs, and view are given to us

before birth and that will determine our behaviors and patterns of life. This is where

the nature part of the debate takes place.

3. Define “rules of denial” and give an empirical example of this concept from your own

interactions.

Rules of denial, “instruct us in what we should not observe, acknowledge, or

discuss with others. In the process, we learn the social importance of tact and the benefits

of seeing, hearing, and speaking no evil.” (Cahill, Sandstrom, & Froyum., 2018, pp.29) I

would define the “rules of denial” as a way of someone trying not to think about

something bad that may have happened to them or someone they know. They repress all

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Brittney Abel

those emotions so that they do not have to think about it. An example I would give could

be a simple break-up. Going through a break-up in high school at a young age where you

are vulnerable can leave you feeling broken inside. Trying not to think about it, moving

on to someone else to not feel alone, or acting like it never bothered you and you are

okay.

4. What is emotion work or management?

Emotion work is, “the act of trying to change in degree or quality an emotion or

feeling. To “work on” an emotion or feeling is, for our purposes, the same as “to

manage” an emotion or to do “deep acting.” (Cahill, Sandstrom, & Froyum, 2018, pp. 60)

With the emotion management, it is more-so when people trying to feel a certain way

rather than showing how they are truly feeling. Management focuses primarily on the

“trying” aspect of feelings rather than the “authentic” reality of their feelings.

5. What is the difference between surface and deep acting?

Erving Goffman describe the acting as both surface and deep acting. However,

Goffman never went into true detail about either of the two and left it up to the

imagination so to speak. Surface acting is more of the outer layers or what people can see

on the surface. Having to put on a “fake” face of emotion would be considered surface

acting. Deep acting is when someone has to dig deep and pull out emotion that they may

not have realized was there, or even think of a situation they may have been involved in

to bring out emotion for what is going on during that scene.

6. Select one of the articles that address feeling rules. What is the emotion and what is the

feeling norm? How is the feeling rule learned?

Preparing for her wedding day, chaotic, intense, scary, unsure, emotional, relief.

All of those feeling flowing through her body and yet no one noticed. Her family, friends,

soon-to-be husband. She wasn’t sure that everything was going to go according to plan,

she wondered by some of her friends couldn’t make it, and then she locked eyes with her

fiancé and it all disappeared. This was exactly where she was meant to be. All of these

feelings would be considered “normal” when you are about to get married. The feeling

rule is learned because you have a right to feel whatever you are feeling in that particular

scenario. She felt everything until she felt relief and knew she was making the right

decision.

7. What does it mean to say bodies are “disciplined”?

“Bodies are (unfinished) resources (Shilling 1993: 103) that must be “trained,

manipulated, cajoled, coaxed, organized and in general disciplined.” (Turner 1992: 15).

“We use our bodies to construct our means of living, to take care of each other, to

pleasure each other.” (Turner, 1992, pp. 98). This means that we discipline our bodies to

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Brittney Abel Mid-Term Exam Questions 1. How does a football game reflect a symbolic reality? How is this reality communicated and what are some of the symbols? When we look at a football game and compare it to symbolic reality, we can see how people demonstrate symbolic reality. According to our text, “Even in situations that have a physical character, such as sporting events, people are guided by and respond to symbolic reality.” (pp. 24) One way to look at how football can demonstrate this is by seeing how as a team you create sportsmanship and teamwork. “Hustle, sportsmanship, and teamwork are not objective behaviors but rather depend on symbolic interpretations within the context of a sports event.” (pp.24) Some symbols that can be used in the sport of football can be play calling, nicknames given for playing calling, and stickers that football players collect on their helmets. For example, the start of each College football season we see the helmets of the players and some have more stickers than others. The stickers each represent a significant goal met by the player and by the end of the season you will see that the majority of the helmets are covered by the stickers. These are representations of symbols. 2. What is socialization? How does this concept relate to the nature/nurture debate? Socialization is defined as, “the process beginning during childhood by which individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society.” (Citation [Def. 1]. ( ...
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