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INNOVATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

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I. Introduction

Nowadays, there has been an increasing amount of attention toward sustainable tourism by local

people and authorities, who are showing their needs for innovative action with the aim to solve

environmental concerns (Hjalager, 1997). However, the number of thorough researches on

innovation towards sustainable tourism has been scarce (Mayer, 2009). This paper aims to provide

an in-depth analysis on the impacts of innovation on sustainable tourism as well as suggestions for

managers and destination organizer to encourage innovation to occur within the tourism industry

so that sustainability is achieved in the long run. The paper begins with an overview on existing

definitions of innovation and sustainable tourism, then an analysis on the impacts of the former on

the latter was provided. Finally, recommendations gathered from past researches was collected and

presented for stakeholders of the industry so that sustainable tourism could be achieved through

innovation.

II. Innovation and Sustainable Tourism: Concepts and Definitions

II.1. Definitions and Types of Innovation

The first definition of innovation in the research field was provided by Schumpeter (1934), stating

that innovation is the first announcement of a new product or services to the industry and market.

This is considered a succinct and to-the-point description of the term, since it has described two

most commonly-known categories of innovation: innovation as a process and as an outcome. In

particular, as a process, innovation is a chain of procedures in which a product or service is

introduced, brought to use or constructed and applied (Kanter, 1984; West and Farr, 1990; Van de

Ven, 1986). On the other hand, as an outcome, innovation is described as a product, service or idea

that is classified as the first-of-its-kind in the industry where it would be put to use (Pennings and

Harianto, 1992; Howell and Higgins, 1990; Dougherty, 1992; Damanpour, 1991; Marcus, 1988).

Innovation as a process

By describing innovation through a series of procedures, thorough analysis could be performed by

researchers in order to find out different activities that contribute to as well as come from the

development of innovation (Greve and Taylor, 2000; Myers and Marquis, 1969). Two researches

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INNOVATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM Module Code: Module Title: I. Introduction Nowadays, there has been an increasing amount of attention toward sustainable tourism by local people and authorities, who are showing their needs for innovative action with the aim to solve environmental concerns (Hjalager, 1997). However, the number of thorough researches on innovation towards sustainable tourism has been scarce (Mayer, 2009). This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis on the impacts of innovation on sustainable tourism as well as suggestions for managers and destination organizer to encourage innovation to occur within the tourism industry so that sustainability is achieved in the long run. The paper begins with an overview on existing definitions of innovation and sustainable tourism, then an analysis on the impacts of the former on the latter was provided. Finally, recommendations gathered from past researches was collected and presented for stakeholders of the industry so that sustainable tourism could be achieved through innovation. II. Innovation and Sustainable Tourism: Concepts and Definitions II.1. Definitions and Types of Innovation The first definition of innovation in the research field was provided by Schumpeter (1934), stating that innovation is the first announcement of a new product or services to the industry and market. This is considered a succinct and to-the-point description of the term, since it has described two most commonly-known categories of ...
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