Phylogenetic analysis of f bzip transcription factors indicates conservation of the zinc deficiency response across land plan...

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www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Received: 24 January 2017 Accepted: 3 May 2017 Published: xx xx xxxx Phylogenetic analysis of F-bZIP transcription factors indicates conservation of the zinc deficiency response across land plants Pedro Humberto Castro 1, Grmay H. Lilay1, Antonio Muñoz-Mérida Herlânder Azevedo2,3 & Ana G. L. Assunção 1,2 2 , Jan K. Schjoerring1, Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors control important developmental and physiological processes in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the three gene F-bZIP subfamily has been associated with zinc deficiency and salt stress response. Benefiting from the present abundance of plant genomic data, we performed an evolutionary and structural characterization of plant F-bZIPs. We observed divergence during seed plant evolution, into two groups and inferred different selective pressures for each. Group 1 contains AtbZIP19 and AtbZIP23 and appears more conserved, whereas Group 2, containing AtbZIP24, is more prone to gene loss and expansion events. Transcriptomic and experimental data reinforced AtbZIP19/23 as pivotal regulators of the zinc deficiency response, mostly via the activation of genes from the ZIP metal transporter family, and revealed that they are the main regulatory switch of AtZIP4. A survey of AtZIP4 orthologs promoters across different plant taxa revealed an enrichment of the Zinc Deficiency Response Element (ZDRE) to which both AtbZIP19/23 bind. Overall, our results indicate that wh ...
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