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Unit 2 Ammonia and Urea Production Discussion

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UNIT 2
Ammonia + carbon dioxide ammonium carbonate urea + water
Classifying carbon compounds:
1. Carbohydrates: consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen :
oxygen = 2:1
2. Lipids: insoluble in water, include steroids, waxes, fatty acids and
triglycerides (if at room temperature is solid, its a fat; if not, its a
lipid)
3. Proteins: one or more chains of amino acids. Contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (two out of twenty contain sulphur)
4. Nucleic acids: chains of subunits called nucleotides. Contain carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Identifying molecules:
- Proteins contain C, H, N, O whereas carbohydrates contain C, H, O but
not N
- Many proteins contain sulphur but carbohydrates and lipids no not
- Lipids contain relatively less oxygen than carbohydrates, ex: oleic acid
(an unsaturated fatty acid) is C
18
H
34
O
2
, and the steroid testosterone is
C
19
H
28
O
2
.

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Biological molecules:
1. Amino acids:
- Composing proteins, enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
-
- Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form
polypeptides (peptide bonds)
- Nine R groups are hydrophobic
Three R groups contain rings
Six R groups do not contain rings
- Eleven R groups are hydrophilic
Four R groups are polar but never charged
Seven R groups can become charged
Four R groups act as an acid by giving up a proton and

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UNIT 2 Ammonia + carbon dioxide → ammonium carbonate → urea + water Classifying carbon compounds: 1. Carbohydrates: consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen : oxygen = 2:1 2. Lipids: insoluble in water, include steroids, waxes, fatty acids and triglycerides (if at room temperature is solid, it’s a fat; if not, it’s a lipid) 3. Proteins: one or more chains of amino acids. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (two out of twenty contain sulphur) 4. Nucleic acids: chains of subunits called nucleotides. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Identifying molecules: - Proteins contain C, H, N, O whereas carbohydrates contain C, H, O but not N - Many proteins contain sulphur but carbohydrates and lipids no not - Lipids contain relatively less oxygen than carbohydrates, ex: oleic acid (an unsaturated fatty acid) is C18H34O2 , and the steroid testosterone is C19H28O2 . Biological molecules: 1. Amino acids: - Composing proteins, enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. - - Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides (peptide bonds) - Nine R groups are hydrophobic ◼ Three R groups contain rings ◼ Six R groups do not contain rings - Eleven R groups are hydrophilic ◼ Four R groups are polar but never charged ◼ Seven R groups can become charged ◆ Four R groups act as an acid by giving up a proton and becoming negatively charged. ◆ Three R groups act as a base by accepting a proton and becoming posit ...
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