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Exported for Mariah McCalleb on Wed, 14 Apr 2021 23:20:26 GMT DNA Replication, Transcription & Translation DNA, RNA and Protein Structure All living cells contain DNA . DNA is segmented into chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell , while being a circular chromosome in prokaryotic cells . Eukaryotic cells have their DNA in a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA loose in their cytoplasm. All DNA is made up of genes, which give cells specific instructions. There are 23 chromosome pairs, referred to as homologous chromosomes, in a human nucleus. On these 23 pairs, also referred to homologous chromosomes, there are 20,000-25,000 genes that make up a human being. Specific cells only use specific genes in the DNA that is stored in their nucleus. Any gene that is use, must be copied during the process of transcription into mRNA . The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where it meets up with a ribosome . Once at the ribosome, there is a complex series of event that occur to make a protein, which is called translation . Other molecules that are involved are tRNA , each carrying a specific amino acid into the process and being added to a growing chain of amino acids. This chain will end up being a functioning protein when the process is completed. The entire process of transcription, DNA being copied into mRNA, and translation, mRNA being copied into a protein, is referred to as the Central Dogma. Watch this video about DNA vs. RNA (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA) to rev ...
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