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TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT
Various pharmaceutical tuberculosis treatments and their actions.
Active tuberculosis will kill about two of every three people affected if left
untreated. Treated tuberculosis has a mortality rate of less than 5%.
The standard "short" course treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is isoniazid,
rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for two months, then isoniazid and
rifampicin alone for a further four months.
The patient is considered cured at six months (although there is still a relapse rate
of 2 to 3%).
For latent tuberculosis, the standard treatment is six to nine months of isoniazid
alone.
Drugs;
First line tuberculosis drugs;
o Ethambutol (EMB / E)
o Isoniazid (INH / H)
o Pyrazinamide (PZA / Z)
o Rifampicin (RMP / R)
o Streptomycin (STM / S)
Second line;
There are six classes of second-line drugs (SLDs) used for the treatment of
tuberculosis.
A drug may be classed as second-line instead of first-line for one of two
possible reasons:
o It may be less effective than the first-line drugs (e.g., p-
aminosalicylic acid);
o It may have toxic side-effects (e.g., Cycloserine);
o It may be unavailable in many developing countries (e.g.,
fluoroquinolones):
Second line drugs include;
o Aminoglycosides: e.g., amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KM);
o Polypeptides: e.g., capreomycin, viomycin, enviomycin;

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o Fluoroquinolones: e.g., ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin,
moxifloxacin (MXF);
o Thioamides: e.g. ethionamide, prothionamide
o Cycloserine (the only antibiotic in its class);
o p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS or P).
Third line;
These include other drugs that may be useful, but are not on the WHO list
of SLDs:
They include;
o Rifabutin
o Macrolides: e.g., clarithromycin (CLR);
o Linezolid (LZD);
o Thioacetazone (T);
o Thioridazine;
o Arginine;
o Vitamin D;
These drugs may be considered "third-line drugs" and are listed here either
because they are not very effective (e.g., clarithromycin) or because their
efficacy has not been proven e.g. linezolid.

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TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT Various pharmaceutical tuberculosis treatments and their actions. Active tuberculosis will kill about two of every three people affected if left untreated. Treated tuberculosis has a mortality rate of less than 5%. The standard "short" course treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for two months, then isoniazid and rifampicin alone for a further four months. The patient is considered cured at six months (although there is still a relapse rate of 2 to 3%). For latent tuberculosis, the standard treatment is six to nine months of isoniazid alone. Drugs; First line tuberculosis drugs; Ethambutol (EMB / E) Isoniazid (INH / H) Pyrazinamide (PZA / Z) Rifampicin (RMP / R) Streptomycin (STM / S) Second line; There are six classes of second-line drugs (SLDs) used for the treatment of tuberculosis. A drug may be classed as second-line instead of first-line for one of two possible reasons: It may be less effective than the first-line drugs (e.g., p-aminosalicylic acid); It may have toxic side-effects (e.g., Cycloserine); It may be unavailable in many developing countries (e.g., fluoroquinolones): Second line drugs include; Aminoglycosides: e.g., amikacin (AMK), kanamycin (KM); Polypeptides: e.g., capreomycin, viomycin, enviomycin; Fluoroquinolones: e.g., ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin (MXF); Thioamides: e.g. ethionamide, prothionamide Cycloserine (the only antibiotic in its ...
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