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Optics

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Physics
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Northern Star Online
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PHYSICS by MN Partnership for Collaborative Curriculum is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
8.04 Optics Exploration
[Place your name here]
Purpose
Simple materials will be used to better understand optics, including reflection, refraction, and
total internal refraction.
Problems
This exploration will include 3 activities to investigate the following:
1. How does a camera obscura invert an image?
2. Why does a fishbowl or other curved, clear substances, distort images?
3. What makes light stay within a stream of water and not leave to the surrounding air?
Please bold your answers after each question or type them in another color that is easy
to read (such as dark red).
Part 1: Camera Obscura
Experimental
Go to the Pringles Pinhole Camera Website and follow the directions there.
Observations and Discussion
1. Describe or and draw what you saw when looking through your camera obscura.
When I moved my hand up, I saw the shadow of my hand move down. This means that
the shadow or the image formed is upside down.
2. Why would you not see an upside down image of what is outside on a wall opposite of a
window?
This is because the light bouncing off the object at a point ends up overlapping with the
light bouncing from the other parts of the object, forming many blurred images.
3. Using what you know about light, explain why the image appeared as it did.
This is because the lights from various points overlap, thus forming blurred images.

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PHYSICS by MN Partnership for Collaborative Curriculum is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Part 2: Total Internal Reflection
Materials
empty 2-L bottle
pushpin
tape
water
bucket or sink
laser
Procedure
1. Using the pushpin, poke a large hole (push the pin through the bottle 2-3 times) in side
of the empty bottle about 4 inches from the bottom. Cover the hole with a piece of tape.
2. Fill the bottle about half full of water.
3. Set the bottle upright on a table or countertop so that when the water comes out of the
hole it goes into a bucket or sink. Remove the tape covering the pinhole.
4. Shine a laser through the bottle so that it exits through the hole with the stream of water.
5. If you don’t have the materials for this here is a video you can view:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBQ8fh_Fp04
Observations and Discussion
1. Describe what happened to the laser as it went through the bottle.
The laser passed through the bottle in a straight line, but it bent and followed the
direction of the water when it reached the hole.
2. Explain why this happened.
This is due to the change in the speed of the laser, and the speed has changed because
the laser has traveled through two different media: from water to air.
3. Would we see the same results if we shined the laser from air to the stream of water?
Try it and explain your results.
The results would be different because the two mediums have different refractive
indexes because of their different densities. The laser will change direction slightly
because air is less dense.

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8.04 Optics Exploration [Place your name here] Purpose Simple materials will be used to better understand optics, including reflection, refraction, and total internal refraction. Problems This exploration will include 3 activities to investigate the following: 1. How does a camera obscura invert an image? 2. Why does a fishbowl or other curved, clear substances, distort images? 3. What makes light stay within a stream of water and not leave to the surrounding air? Please bold your answers after each question or type them in another color that is easy to read (such as dark red). Part 1: Camera Obscura Experimental Go to the Pringles Pinhole Camera Website and follow the directions there. Observations and Discussion 1. Describe or and draw what you saw when looking through your camera obscura. When I moved my hand up, I saw the shadow of my hand move down. This means that the shadow or the image formed is upside down. 2. Why would you not see an upside down image of what is outside on a wall opposite of a window? This is because the light bouncing off the object at a point ends up overlapping with the light bouncing from the other parts of the object, forming many blurred images ...
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