Task 3 Egocentrism & Critical Thinking STEP 1 Egocentrism is a concept coined by Jean Piaget while exploring the stages of cognitive development in children. Essentially, it refers to the subconscious thinking functions of our minds that we deny we have. For example, no one says "I think I will think egocentrically for a while". Its ultimate goals are gratification and self-validation. It does not respect the rights and needs of others, though it may be protective of those with whom it ego-identifies. When we are thinking egocentrically, we see ourselves as right and just. We see those who disagree with us as wrong and unjustified. Thus, there are two fundamental motives behind egocentric thinking. View these examples of Piaget's concept of Egocentrism. Children and Egocentrism https://youtu.be/SIw4FVQeGWg Adolescents and Egocentrism https://youtu.be/4NQKjVj_NTI Step 2 Write a paragraph or two explaining Egocentrism in your own words! Step 3 Next, think about the following: According to Nosich, "Egocentrism interferes with critical thinking on all levels, from the deepest to the most superficial. It stands in the way of the empathy that is such an important part of empathy" (p. 22). In your opinion, is this true? What has been your personal experience with Egocentrism? To Specifically, think of a time when your desire to selfishly get what you want failed because of your egocentric thinking. To make it interesting, try exploring an experience in your particular field of study. Complete these statements: The situation was as follows… When I didn’t get what I wanted, I thought…and behaved… A more rational way to think would have been… A more rational way to act would have been… Instructions: Based on the information you've accumulated, write a 1-2 page essay discussing your thoughts and answers from Steps 1, 2 and 3. Be sure to incorporate the questions being asked of you and to use APA formatting that includes double spacing, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, properly formatted citations for all sources to which you refer, and be free of grammar and spelling errors. Task 4 - Logic of Arguments and Critical Thinking In critical thinking and arguments, typically, there are two types of arguments - inductive and deductive. Inductive Arguments are based upon the estimation of the probable truth of premises. For example: I observe that each evening at 5:00 pm, the streets of downtown become crowded with workers. It is highly likely that the increased crowd are people that work downtown. Therefore, it is highly likely that the work day ends for these people at 5pm. Deductive Arguments are different in that they proceed without any room for probability. For example: X is a book; All books have pages in them; Therefore, X has pages in it. Step 1 Read through this chapter on Critical Thinking and Logic. Scroll to about midway, to focus specifically on the role of arguments in critical thinking. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ivytech-comm101-master/chapter/chapter-6-logic-and-the-role-of-arguments/ Step 2 View the video on Inductive vs. Deductive Arguments and Begin thinking about some of the inductive and Deductive arguments you have experienced recently. https://youtu.be/BwtCScUoL_w Step 3 Based on what you know about Inductive and Deductive reasoning, first prepare a Venn Diagram that compares/contrast the differences between the two concepts. Then, think about a personal experience in which you've used an inductive argument to make a point. Next, think about a time that you've used a deductive argument to make a point. Provide an explanation of your experiences here. Be sure to include details on what made the argument inductive or deductive. Then, consider what impediments to critical thinking were present in your arguments. How did they help your arguments? How did they hurt your arguments? Instructions: Upload your Venn Diagram and 3-4 paragraphs discussing your inductive and deductive arguments here. Be sure to answer all of the questions being asked of you. Also. be sure to use APA formatting that includes double spacing, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, properly formatted citations for all sources to which you refer, and be free of grammar and spelling errors. Task 5: Critical Thinker Exemplars No matter what walk of life you come from, what industry you’re interested in pursuing or how much experience you’ve already garnered, we’ve all seen firsthand the importance of critical thinking skills. In fact, lacking such skills can truly make or break a person’s career, as the consequences of one’s inability to process and analyze information effectively can be massive. Step 1 Think of someone you have come to admire as a critical thinker. If available, ask them a few questions on how they have implemented their critical thinking skills. (If they are not available, answer the questions based on your knowledge of them). Some questions to consider include: How did you become such a great critical thinker? What tips can you offer to someone trying to increase their critical thinking skills? How easy is it to avoid impediments to critical thinking? Be sure to include some questions of your own. Step 2 Then, because you're now a guru too, how would you explain/teach critical thinking to someone who hasn't quite grasped its fundamentals? What tips would you offer them? How would you explain to them how to assess their critical thinking? Instructions: Compile your responses to Steps 1 and 2 in a 1-2 page paper

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Assessment 2 Business Research Proposal - Individual Assignment (1500 to 2000 words) For this assessment, students are expected to present a written research proposal that is based on the literature review (Assessment 1) and demonstrates their understanding of business research/research paradigm. Based on their literature review, students are required to write a business research proposal outlining the details of the proposed research project that addresses the gaps identified in the literature. Derived from the business topic, the proposal needs to include clearly state research questions (primary and secondary), and provide a solid research methodology that supports the feasibility of the research project Marking criteria of the research proposal include: the justification of the research questions that operationalize the research topic; the demonstration of a detailed research methodology addressing research instrument, sample size and sampling approach, research location/s and schedule as well as providing a critical assessment of the limitations of the methodology and the expected outcome of the research project.