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Chapter 1: Introduction
Lost-time Injury a workplace injury that results in the employee missing time from work.
These raw numbers
need be interpreted
with the size of the
total workforce of
each jurisdiction in
mind. Provinces like
Ontario, Quebec, and
British Columbia
have substantially
larger populations
than provinces or
territories such as
Newfoundland and
Labrador, Prince
Edward Island, and
Yukon.

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Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S) the identification, evaluation, and control of
hazards associated with the work environment.
Hazard any source of potential adverse health effect, damage, or harm o something or
someone under certain conditions at work.
OH&S Today 1.1 details the types of hazards that can be present in one such environment, a
meat packing plant. However, there are hazards associated with just about every job.
Types of Hazard:
1. Chemical
2. Biological
3. Physical
4. Psychosocial

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Occupational injury any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace
accident.
Example: a broken arm after falling from a ladder
Occupational illness any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to
environmental factors associated with employment.
Example: soldier may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, or a figherfighter may
develop cancer from chemical exposure in fire retardants.
Documented cases of work-related illnesses go back as far as ancient Egypt, when stonemasons
and potters experienced respiratory problems. As societies became more technologically
advanced, cases of vomiting, copper-induced dermatoses (skin diseases), and hepatic (liver)
degeneration began to occur.
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, machinists and others working in
the new industries were exposed to oils used for lubrication during the cutting
and removing of metal. These oils, in conjunction with poor personal hygiene
practices, resulted in serious dermatoses, such as acne and skin melanomas.
When the spinning and weaving industries were mechanized, the resultant
dust from hemp and flax caused byssinosis (brown lung).
Brown Lung a disease of the lungs caused by excessive inhalation of dust; the disease is in
the pneumoconiosis family and often affects textile workers.
Changing Perspectives on Risk and Liability
For much of their long history, occupational illness and injury were considered to be exclusively
workers’ problems.
Until 20
th
century legal doctrine was assumption of risk”
Assumption of risk the belief that a worker accepted the risks of employment when he or she
accepted a job.
Employers were not responsible for providing compensation to injured workers unless
the accident was solely the fault of the employer.
belief that occupational injuries were caused by worker carelessness. In its most extreme
form, this notion was expressed as a belief in the accident-prone personality
Accident proneness the notion that some individuals are inherently more likely than others to
be involved in accidents, as a result of individual characteristics
accident proneness became a focus of research in the 20
th
century

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Chapter 1: Introduction Lost-time Injury→ a workplace injury that results in the employee missing time from work. These raw numbers need be interpreted with the size of the total workforce of each jurisdiction in mind. Provinces like Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia have substantially larger populations than provinces or territories such as Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, and Yukon. Page 1 of 13 Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)→ the identification, evaluation, and control of hazards associated with the work environment. Hazard→ any source of potential adverse health effect, damage, or harm o something or someone under certain conditions at work. OH&S Today 1.1 details the types of hazards that can be present in one such environment, a meat packing plant. However, there are hazards associated with just about every job. Types of Hazard: 1. 2. 3. 4. Chemical Biological Physical Psychosocial Page 2 of 13 Occupational injury→ any cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace accident. • Example: a broken arm after falling from a ladder Occupational illness→ any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. • Example: soldier may develop post-traumatic stress disorder, or a figherfighter may develop cancer from chemical exposure in fire retardants. Documented cases of work-related illnesses go back as far as ancient Egypt, when stonemasons and potters exp ...
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