Kinetics Activity Handout FormNote: You will need to use a spreadsheet program (excel), or other mathematical program (matlab, Mathcad, mathematica, R etc.) to complete this assignment. The blackboard site has links to a video introducing excel, along with excel spread sheets that contain the data for question 3.1) (4 pts) This form accompanies the online kinetics activity. Please use it to answer the following questions:Step-1a) Attach the printout of your kinetic trace and fill in the following data table: Volume of dye solution Concentration of bleach solution Volume of bleach solution b) What are the initial concentrations of [Yellow Dye] and [Bleach] for your experiment?undefinedStep-2undefined c) What is the value of the pseudo rate constant for your experiment?undefinedStep-3undefined d) Design an experiment to determine the order of the reaction with respect to [bleach]. Attach a printout of your kinetic trace from your experiment. Give the order with respect to [bleach] and explain how you determined this from the experiment. undefinedundefined Step-4undefinede) What is the proportionality constant, ε l, in Beer’s law, abs=ε l [dye]? Include units in your answer. (Abs is unitless and [dye] is in mol/L or M.)undefinedf) Calculate the rate constant (k) for the reaction of Yellow 6 with bleach to 2 significant figures, assuming the concentration of [dye] and [bleach] are in M.Write the rate law for the reaction (including both the numerical value of k, and the order of the reaction with respect to [dye] and [bleach]).undefined undefinedundefined3) (4 pts total) The following shows results from experiments similar to those of the online tutorial, but with different dyes and bleach. The reaction has 1:1 stoichiometry.undefineddye + bleach à colorless productsundefinedThe initial solutions have the following concentrationsundefinedBlue dye:3.20 x 10-5 MRed dye: 5.60 x 10-5 MBleach: 0.150 MundefinedThe absorbance was measured at various dye concentrations and the results are summarized below. undefined [blue dye] abs [red dye] abs 0 0 0 0 3.20E-06 0.08 5.60E-06 0.085 6.40E-06 0.16 1.12E-05 0.17 9.60E-06 0.24 1.68E-05 0.255 1.28E-05 0.32 2.24E-05 0.34 1.60E-05 0.4 2.80E-05 0.425 1.92E-05 0.48 3.36E-05 0.51 2.24E-05 0.56 3.92E-05 0.595 2.56E-05 0.64 4.48E-05 0.68 2.88E-05 0.72 5.04E-05 0.765 3.20E-05 0.8 5.60E-05 0.85 undefinedYou will need to make Beer’s Law Plots for both the blue dye and Red dye to be able to convert the absorbance measured to concentration of respective dye.undefinedundefinedExperiments were then performed by mixing the following volumes of dye and bleach solutions and monitoring absorbance versus time. undefinedExperiment 1:blue dye: 9.50 mLbleach: 0.500 mLundefinedExperiment 2:blue dye: 9.00 mLbleach: 1.00 mLundefinedExperiment 3:red dye: 9.50 mLbleach: 0.500 mLundefinedExperiment 4:red dye: 9.00 mLbleach: 1.00 mLundefinedThe results of the experiments (time and absorbance of dye used) are below:undefined time exp 1 exp 2 exp 3 exp 4 0 0.76 0.72 0.8075 0.765 10 0.638303 0.528549 0.746774 0.559157 20 0.550246 0.41766 0.69062 0.408725 30 0.483564 0.345287 0.638696 0.298778 40 0.431313 0.294318 0.590679 0.218413 50 0.389263 0.256477 0.546277 0.159668 60 0.35469 0.227266 0.505217 0.116726 70 0.325763 0.204035 0.467245 0.085333 80 0.301201 0.185116 0.43213 0.062384 90 0.280086 0.169411 0.399657 0.045607 100 0.26174 0.156164 0.369625 0.033342 110 0.24565 0.144839 0.341852 0.024376 120 0.231426 0.135047 0.316167 0.017821 130 0.218759 0.126496 0.292413 0.013028 140 0.207408 0.118964 0.270445 0.009525 150 0.197177 0.112279 0.250128 0.006963 160 0.187909 0.106306 0.231338 0.005091 170 0.179473 0.100936 0.21396 0.003722 180 0.171762 0.096083 0.197888 0.002721 190 0.164687 0.091676 0.183024 0.001989 200 0.158172 0.087655 0.169277 0.001454 undefineda) (2 pts) Determine the rate law of the reaction (including the rate constant, and order with respect to [dye] and [bleach]):undefinedblue dye + bleach à colorless productsundefinedPlease describe your approach, including any calculations or plots used for the analysis.undefinedundefinedb) (2 pts) Determine the rate law of the reaction (including the rate constant, and order with respect to [dye] and [bleach]):undefinedred dye + bleach à colorless productsundefinedPlease describe your approach, including any calculations or plots used for the analysis.

NOTE: begin answering from question 3 and upIMPORTANT NOTE!! Please use your own words to answer these question because my instructor is so picky and if you answer in a professional way he will deduct points as well as assuming it's cheating. So, use a common language/basic English to answer these question with the biological terms used in the questions. Answer each question as is DO NOT add additional information! Make is short and simple!NOTE: I have provided a PDF for the lab so you can look at it and answer these questions based on the lab.NO copying off of the internet or plagiarism!😄 Question 3. Describe the Brownian motion in your own words:Question 4. Describe, in your own words, how this observation indicates that all visible and invisible molecules are in motion?After approximately one hour, measure the diameter (in millimeters) of the circle the solutions diffused.Potassium permanganate: Methylene blue: Examine your Petri dish. Shade the agar in the diagram to demonstrate the movement of the solutions in the diagram below. Shade to show where the concentration of the potassium permanganate is higher and where it is lower.Top view of Petri dish: Side view of Petri dish: Question 5. Your Petri dish illustrates the most basic characteristic of diffusion. Complete the following to understand this basic principle:The net diffusion of potassium permanganate appears to be from the area of its ___concentration to the area of its concentration. ("lower to higher" - or - "higher to lower"?)Question 6. In addition to concentration, molecular weight of a diffusing molecule is also an important factor that can determine the rate (speed) of diffusion. We happen to know that potassium permanganate's molecular weight is 150, while that of methylene blue molecule is 374.Use your own observations (above) to explain how molecular weight appears to affect the rate of diffusion here:Question 7. Based on the results, what is the relationship between molecular weight and diffusion rate?Circle one: Inverse DirectState the basis of your conclusion: Question 8. How would you expect the dyes to be distributed in the agar gel after several days? Would you expect to still see evidence of a concentration gradient?Question 9. Calculate the molecular weights for the following molecules so you can predict which will diffuse more rapidly.Note: Molecular weights are calculated by adding up the atomic weights (masses) for all the atoms that make up a given molecule.) Look at the Periodic Table on the wall in the laboratory. It will give you the atomic weights of all the atoms in the two molecules below. Calculate the weight of these two molecules. Show your work here:Water: H2O Sucrose: C12H22O11 Question 10. Which substance, water or sucrose, is more likely to be able to diffuse through a semipermeable membrane, and on what basis did you make your decision?Question 11. Phospholipids are each made of the phosphate-containing “head” which is hydrophilic (easily combine with water), and two long fatty acid chains which are hydrophobic (do not combine with water, fatty acids are oils). Color the circular phosphate heads blue; color the fatty acid chains of the phospholipids red. Then label them hydrophobic and hydrophilic based on your reading above.Figure 1. Selectively Permeable Cell Membrane Question 12. Observe Figure 1. What kinds of molecules are able to pass through the phospholipid bilayer membrane easily? What kinds of molecules are not able to pass through easily? What are the characteristics of each (charge, polar vs. nonpolar), and size?Move easilyDo not move easilyBecause water is a small and flat molecule (despite it being polar), it can either pass through the phospholipid bilayer membrane. It can more quickly pass into and out of cells through tunnel-like proteins called aquaporins that traverse the cell membrane.Question 13. Label the aquaporin protein in Figure 1. What does the aquaporin allow to pass through the membrane? Question 14. Define the terms Solvent and Solute:Question 15. Below is a diagram of three model cells filled with three different solutions. Make a prediction. Review Figure 2 and complete the Table 1 to its right. For column 4, predict whether the “model cell” will increase or decrease in weight after one hour. (Hint: Will the net diffusion of water be into the “model cell” or into the beaker?)Table 1: Prediction for Model Cells Cell Letter% solutes in cell% water in cellIncrease or decrease after 1 hour?ABCFigure 2. Diagram showing the experimental set up for the 3 model cells Write down the colors of the solutions here: 1% 25% 50% At 15-minute intervals, for 1 hour, record the "total weight" of each cell in Table 2 Calculate the net mass change for each model cell in the last row of Table 2.Net mass change = Final mass (at time 60) – initial mass (at time 0)Table 2. Change in Mass of Three Model Cells by Osmosis over TimeMass (g)Time (minutes)Cell ACell BCell C0 15 30 45 60 Net mass change Question 16. How do your results compare with your prediction in Table 1? Graph the Osmosis data Include the data for the three model cells as 3 separate curves (lines) using three different colors on the same graph. Create a key for identifying the colored line according to its corresponding Cell letter and % Solutes.Write the title “Change in Mass of Three Model Cells with Varying Concentration of Solutes via Osmosis over Time” at the top of the graph. Question 17. Do the words hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic refer to the solute or solvent concentration?Question 18. Which solution has the highest concentration of water (the "solvent"): a 1% Sucrose solution or a 50% Sucrose solution? Question 19. Look at your osmosis data in Table 1:Did the water move into or out of all three model cells? If not, is this what you expected?Would you describe the environment outside the three model cells as hypertonic or hypotonic? Question 20. A concentration gradient for water must exist between the inside and the outside of a cell's membrane for osmosis to occur. Observe the graph. Which of the three model cells represents the one with the steepest concentration gradient of water?Question 21. The steepest concentration gradient of water should result in the highest rate of diffusion (osmosis). Examine your Table 3 osmosis data for the 15 to 30-minute interval. Did the greatest changes in weight occur in the model cells with the greatest concentration gradients of water? Question 22: A cell can be placed in various solutions. Based on the information in the above reading and the concentration gradient, fill in the following table:In the second and third columns, write “more,” “less,” and “the same amount of.”In first blank of the fourth column, write in or outside.In the second blank of the fourth column, write in, outside of, inside of, into, or equally in and out of. A cell placed in a hypertonic solution has …__________ solutes than the surrounding environment__________ water than the surrounding environment.The water __________ the cell will move __________ the cell.A cell placed in a hypotonic solution has …__________ solutes than the surrounding environment__________ water than the surrounding environment.The water __________ the cell will move __________ the cell.A cell placed in an isotonic solution has …__________ solutes than the surrounding environment__________ water than the surrounding environment.The water __________ the cell will move __________ the cell.Draw a picture of each cell in its solution to the left of the description help you clarify this.Question 23. Draw a sketch of several red blood cells observed in each of the three environments. Label their plasma membranes. In the last row write whether water moved into or out of the cells, or whether there was no change.HypertonicIsotonic:Hypotonic Drawing:Description of relative size and shape of cellsWater movement?Important: The red blood cells in the isotonic solution are in a "normal" osmotic condition, the same as when they were in the living animal. If we assume that the cell membrane is semipermeable, do you think water is moving in and out of the cell membrane in an isotonic environment? Describe the equilibrium.Question 24. Notice these plant cells are shaped different than the animal cells (human cheek cells). What give these plant cells the brick-like shape? Question 25. Note the green, jelly-bean shaped chloroplasts. Where are they located within the cell? In the center or around the edge near the cell membrane and cell wall?Question 26. Sketch several Elodea (plant) cells in the space below to the left titled “Cells in tap water.” Label with a word(s) and an arrow pointing to their cell walls, central vacuoles, and chloroplasts. Tap waterHypertonicDrawing:Description of relative size and shape of cellsWater movement?Question 27. Where are the chloroplasts now in relation to the center or the cell wall? Question 28. What had to have happened to the water in the central vacuole for the chloroplasts to be located where they are now after placing hypertonic solution on the slide?Question 29. Observe the large plastic model of a plant cell. Notice that the central vacuole occupies most of the plant cell’s mass. The fluid concentration within this vacuole, called cell sap, contains a high concentration of salt, sugar and protein molecules. How does this help explain the large size of the central vacuole in the Elodea cells when placed in fresh tap water? (Hint: osmosis plays a part here.)Question 30. The plant phenomenon observed above is called plasmolysis. In one word, what has happened to the Elodea cell? Question 31. Notice that a plant cell, unlike an animal cell, has not only a plasma (cell) membrane, but also has a cell wall encasing it. Did the cell wall appear to swell, shrink or remain the same during your observations?Question 32. Placing the wilted elodea cells (or wilted lettuce leaves that you might put into a salad) into tap water causes the plant cells to become turgid once again. Explain, in terms of osmosis, why the elodea leaf (or lettuce leaf) becomes “crisper” after placing it in tap water:Question 33. Explain why the Elodea (plant) cells did not lyse when placed in tapwater as did the animal cells (red blood cells). In other words, what is the reason that there is a difference between animal and cell’s response to being placed in these various solutions? REVIEW Question 34. Compare animal and plant cells in varying solutions:An animal cell placed in a(n)Will· lose water· gain water· maintain same waterCausing the cell to· be unaffected· shrink (crinkle)· or swell (explode)Hypertonic solution Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution A plant cell placed in a(n)Will· lose water· gain water· maintain same waterCausing the cell to· swell (be unaffected, normal, turgid)· become flaccid (drooping plant)· or plasmolyzed (wilting plant)Hypertonic solution Isotonic solution(see your textbook) Hypotonic (tap water) solution