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Lan Network

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Lan Network
ESSAY ON LAN NETWORK
• DEFINITION OF LAN
• HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN
• SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN
• DESCRIPTION OF EACH COMPONENT
• DIFFERENT TOPOLOGY IN LAN
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH TOPOLOGY
LAN :
The typical definition of Local Area Network (LAN) is "two or more connected stations
(PCs, servers, computer…) in the same limited area, sharing data and peripheral
devices, and operating .The most popular LANs include 10 Mbps & 100 Mbps Ethernet,
4 Mbps & 16 Mbps Token Ring.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN NETWORK
The hardware components of a LAN consist of:
* PCs/workstations and servers
* Network Interface Card (NIC)
* Cabling and connectors,
* Hub, concentrator, and more complicated network devices such as Bridge, LAN Switch
and Router
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN NETWORK
The software components of a LAN can be grouped into two categories: Inside
PCs/workstations and servers
Inside network devices (Hub/Bridge/LAN Switch/Router)

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HUB
A Hub is a central device used on star network topology that repeats or amplifies
signals, allowing the network to be lengthened or expanded with additional stations. For
example, an Ethernet hub normally has 8 or 12 or 16 RJ-45 ports, each port can be
connected to a PC or workstation or server. Also, the hub’s BNC port can be connected
to a coaxial cable to lengthen the network.
BRIDGE
A Bridge is a device used to connect two or more LANs. It operates at the Media Access
Control Layer (layer 2), checking and forwarding data packets between different LANs.
LAN SWITCH
A LAN Switch is a device using switching hardware to speed-up the checking and
forwarding of data packets between LANs. LAN Switch is functionally like a bridge, but
its speed and performance is faster and better than a bridge.
ROUTER
A Router is a device that operates at the network layer (layer 3), routing data between
similar or dissimilar networks. A router is more powerful than a bridge or LAN Switch
because the router checks the network protocols and addresses (for example, IP or
IPX).
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD ( NIC )
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is an add-on adapter card that is installed to the PCI or
ISA slot on the PC’s motherboard. The NIC sorts data on the computer into bundles and
transmits them to another computer while allowing the user to access the data within the
bundle simultaneously. The most common NIC used today is the 10Base-T Ethernet
card that is connected to an Ethernet hub.
HUB
All Ethernet 10Base-T networks are connected with an Ethernet hub. The hub manages
the traffic that passes between computers on a network and is connected to all
computers that are part of the network.
LAN TOPOLOGIES
LAN topologies define the manner in which network devices
are organized. Four common LAN topologies exist
• bus,

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 Lan Network ESSAY ON LAN NETWORK • DEFINITION OF LAN • HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN • SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN • DESCRIPTION OF EACH COMPONENT • DIFFERENT TOPOLOGY IN LAN • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EACH TOPOLOGY LAN : The typical definition of Local Area Network (LAN) is "two or more connected stations (PCs, servers, computer…) in the same limited area, sharing data and peripheral devices, and operating .The most popular LANs include 10 Mbps & 100 Mbps Ethernet, 4 Mbps & 16 Mbps Token Ring. HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN NETWORK The hardware components of a LAN consist of: * PCs/workstations and servers * Network Interface Card (NIC) * Cabling and connectors, * Hub, concentrator, and more complicated network devices such as Bridge, LAN Switch and Router SOFTWARE COMPONENTS OF LAN NETWORK The software components of a LAN can be grouped into two categories: Inside PCs/workstations and servers Inside network devices (Hub/Bridge/LAN Switch/Router) HUB A Hub is a central device used on star network topology that repeats or amplifies signals, allowing the network to be lengthened or expanded with additional stations. For example, an Ethernet hub normally ...
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