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World Religions

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1. Compare and contrast different mode of authority in Judaism and how they manifest in

Rabbinic Judaism and in the Hasidic community.

There are some different styles of Judaism like Orthodox Judaism which holds both Oral and

Written Torah. It was revealed to Moses and its laws are binding and unchanging. It includes

Modern Orthodox Judaism and Haredi Judaism.

Another approach is Conservative Judaism which is also known as Masorti outside the US as

well as Canada. It is basically featured by traditional Jewish laws and customs. This Judaism

holds that the Torah is a holy document which is written by Prophets by the inspiration of God

and reflects his wills but Conservative Judaism rejects Orthodox position that this holy document

was dictated by God to Moses. Re constructionist Judaism is also a form of Judaism which does

not hold the Jewish law, but it involves observance. But unlike reforms, this Judaism emphasizes

on the community role in deciding what observance to follow. Humanistic Judaism is an

approach of Judaism which is a small non-theistic movement and it centered in North America as

well as in Israel. This Judaism emphasizes Jewish culture and history as the sources of Jewish

identity.

Judaism is a monotheistic religion which have certain strong bases and foundations pillared up

with its own foundational text which is “Torah”, sometimes also called as Tanakh or Hebrew

Bible and Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is mainly considered by religious Jews in order to

express the conventional relationship of God with the Israelis’ children. In contrast to the

Judaism, Hasidic philosophy is the teachings and interpretations of Judaism expressed by the

modern Hasidic movement. It is the structural term for the teaching of modern Chassidic masters

expressed in its range from Torah to Kabbalah. Rabbinic Judaism which sometimes also called as

Rabbinism is also a mainstream of Judaism. After the codification of Talmud, it gained

Some modes of authority in Judaism

Comparisons and Contrasts

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predominance within the Jewish Diaspora in between 2

to 6

century. It developed along the

development of the oral law and Talmud in order to control the Jewish scripture interpretations as

well as to encourage the practice of Judaism in absence of Temple sacrifices. Hasidic

community was actually founded by Yisroel ben Eliezer. It was created and developed at the

time when European Jews inward to Talmud study, when many Jewish thought that in spite of

having emphasis on spiritual development and peace Jewish life became too academics. This was

started from Europe and then wave of Jewish immigration in the 1880s carried it to the United

States and then gradually Hasidic Judaism became the way of life of many Jews in Europe as

well as in US. This movement claims nothing new by itself but it was a refreshment of original

Judaism in way to refresh the real and old Judaism. Later on this issue was taken serious and

eventually two groups were appeared, Hasidic and non- Hasidic Jews. The main reasons for the

rejection of Hasidic Judaism were the diminishing the enthusiasm of Hasidic worship. Gradually

the differences between the Hasidim and their opponents became diminished and both groups are

now considered part of Haredi Judaism.

Just similar to Hasidic community, after the codification of the Talmud, the Rabbinic Judaism is

also a mainstream form of Judaism. It is distinguished by the beliefs that the written Torah (Law)

cannot be interpreted correctly without the reference to the Oral Torah.

2. How did the Catholic Orthodox Church argue for clerical authority against Gnostic and

other heretical movements in early Christianity? What were the later Protestant critiques

of these claims?

The Catholic Orthodox Church argues for clerical authority against Gnostic by continuing to

teach the truth. Gnosticism predates Christianity for few centuries and teaches that physical

world is bad while spirituality is good. It also argued that humans are fascinated in between.

Deliverance comes from Knowledge and knowledge comes from Gnosis. There are many aspects

which go against the teachings of Christianity which includes that the physical world is good and

God said so in Genesus. Humans are physical and spiritual beings and both natures are good.

Salvation comes from grace and does not on merit and God wants all to be saved.

Catholic Orthodox Church Arguments

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1. Compare and contrast different mode of authority in Judaism and how they manifest in Rabbinic Judaism and in the Hasidic community. There are some different styles of Judaism like Orthodox Judaism which holds both Oral and Written Torah. It was revealed to Moses and its laws are binding and unchanging. It includes Modern Orthodox Judaism?and?Haredi Judaism.? Another approach is Conservative Judaism which is also known as Masorti outside the US as well as Canada. It is basically featured by traditional Jewish laws and customs. This Judaism holds that the Torah is a holy document which is written by Prophets by the inspiration of God and reflects his wills but Conservative Judaism rejects Orthodox position that this holy document was dictated by God to Moses. Re constructionist Judaism is also a form of Judaism which does not hold the Jewish law, but it involves observance. But unlike reforms, this Judaism emphasizes on the community role in deciding what observance to follow. Humanistic Judaism?is an approach of Judaism which is a small non-theistic movement and it centered in North America as well as in Israel. This Judaism emphasizes Jewish culture and history as the sources of Jewish identity. Judaism is a monotheistic religion which have certain strong bases and foundations pillared up with its own foundational text which is "Torah", sometimes also called as Tanakh?or?Hebrew Bible and Mishnah and the Talmud. Judaism is mainly considered by religious Jews in order t ...
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