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Diplomacy and Domestic Politics

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Diplomacy and Domestic Politics
by amaka88damascene |
Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games Robert D. Putnam International
Organization, Vol. 42, No. 3. (Summer, 1988), pp. 427-460. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?
sici=0020-8183%28198822%2942%3A3%3C427%3ADADPTL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K International
Organization is currently published by The MIT Press.
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Diplomacy and domestic politics: the logic of two-level games Robert D. Putnam
Introduction: the entanglements of domestic and international politics Domestic politics and international
relations are often somehow entangled, but our thkories have not yet sorted out the puzzling tangle. It is
fruitless to debate whether domestic politics really determine international relations, or the reverse. The
answer to that question is clearly "Both, sometimes." The more interesting questions are "When?" and
"How?" This article offers a theoretical approach to this issue, but I begin with a story that illustrates the
puzzle. One illuminating example of how diplomacy and domestic politics can become entangled
culminated at the Bonn summit conference of 1978.' In the mid-1970s, a coordinated program of global
reflation, led by the "locomotive" economies of the United States, Germany, and Japan, had been
proposed to foster Western recovery from the first oil shock.2 This proposal An earlier version of this
article was delivered at the 1986 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. For
criticisms and suggestions, I am indebted to Robert Axelrod, Nicholas Bayne, Henry Brady, James A.
Caporaso, Barbara Crane, Ernst B. Haas, Stephan Haggard, C. Randall Henning, Peter B. Kenen,
Robert 0 . Keohane, Stephen D. Krasner, Jacek Kugler, Lisa Martin, John Odell, Robert Powell, Kenneth
A. Shepsle, Steven Stedman, Peter Yu, members of research seminars at the Universities of Iowa,
Michigan, and Harvard, and two anonymous reviewers. I am grateful to the Rockefeller Foundation for
enabling me to complete this research. 1. The following account is drawn from Robert D. Putnam and C.
Randall Henning, "The Bonn Summit of 1978: How Does International Economic Policy Coordination
Actually Work?" Brookings Discussion Papers in International Economics, no. 53 (Washington, D.C.:
Brookings Institution, October 1986), and Robert D. Putnam and Nicholas Bayne, Hanging Together:
Cooperation and Conflict in the Seven-Power Summits, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1987), pp. 62-94. 2. Among interdependent economies, most economists believe, policies can
often be more effective if they are internationally coordinated. For relevant citations, see Putnam and
Bayne, Hanging Together, p. 24. International Organization 42, 3, Summer 1988 0 1988 by the World
Peace Foundation and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Diplomacy and Domestic Politics by amaka88damascene | Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logic of Two-Level Games Robert D. Putnam International Organization, Vol. 42, No. 3. (Summer, 1988), pp. 427-460. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183%28198822%2942%3A3%3C427%3ADADPTL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K International Organization is currently published by The MIT Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/mitpress.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage ...
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