LEARN MORE...

Surveying

Content type

User Generated

School

Uploaded By

Avtug_bjyf

Pages

Showing Page:

1/33

SURVEYING

AND

LEVELLING

By KULDEEP SINGH YADAV

Showing Page:

2/33

SYLLABUS OF SURVEYING

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION TO CHAIN AND COMPASS SURVEYING- Introduction, Definition

Of Surveying, Primary Divisions Of Surveying, Principles Of Surveying, Approximate

Methods Of Chain And Tape Surveying, Instruments For Chaining And Taping,

Measurement By Chain And Tape, Errors And Corrections, Testing And Adjustment Of A

Chain, Chaining On Flat And Sloping Ground, Obstacles In Chaining, Direct And Indirect

Method Of Ranging, Method Of Traversing, Principle Basic Definitions

LEVELING: Classification- Profile & Cross-Section, Fly Levelling, Reciprocal Levelling,

Trigonometric Levelling,. Errors In Levelling And Accuracy

PLANE TABLE SURVEYING: Equipment’s & Accessories, Methods Of Locating Details-

Radiation, Intersection And Resection. Advantages & Disadvantages

UNIT-II

THEODOLITE: Measurement Of Horizontal Angle- Method Of Repetition And Reiteration,

Various Types Of Theodolites-20 Vernier, Micro-Optic And Electronic. Introduction To

Total Station

TRAVERSING BY THEODOLITE- Closed Traverse, Computation Of Independent

Coordinates-Gale’s Traverse Table

TACHEOMETRY: Basic Systems Of Tachometric Measurement, Principles Of Stadia And

Tangential Method With Staff Vertical, Derivation Of Formulae And Numerical Problems.

UNIT-III

HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CURVES: Characteristics Of Different Types-

Elements Of Circular And Transition Curves, Methods Of Setting Out Of Simple Circular

And Combined Curves.

Contouring: Characteristics Of Contours, Various Method

Showing Page:

3/33

UNIT 1

SURVEYING

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the

terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them.

A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. Measurements are taken in

horizontal plane only.

These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish

land maps and boundaries for ownership, locations like building corners or the surface

location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such

as property sales.

Surveying is the process of determining relative positions of different objects on the surface

of the earth by measuring horizontal distances between them and preparing a map to any

suitable scale.

Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of points on, above or beneath the

surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurements of distance, direction and

elevation.

Survey is performed to prepare a map of relative positions on surface of the earth. It shows

the natural feature of a country such as towns, villages, roads, railways, etc. They may also

include details of different engineering works such as bridge, canal, dam etc.

Before commencement of any major engineering project, survey is carried out to determine

the location of site and its surrounding.

To understand the topography of the site and natural resource availability. Survey is carried

out to prepare the cadastral map showing property boundaries

Showing Page:

4/33

A surveyor is a professional person with the academic qualifications and technical expertise

to conduct one, or more, of the following activities;

• to determine, measure and represent land, three-dimensional objects, point-fields and

trajectories;

• to assemble and interpret land and geographically related information,

• to use that information for the planning and efficient administration of the land, the sea

and any structures thereon; and,

• To conduct research into the above practices and to develop them.

Based on the considerations and true shape of the earth, surveying is broadly classified into

two types.

Plane surveying assumes the earth is flat. Curvature and spheroidal shape of the earth is

neglected. In this type of surveying all triangles formed by joining survey lines are

considered as plane triangles. It is employed for small survey works where errors due to the

earth's shape are too small to matter.

In geodetic surveying the curvature of the earth is taken into account while calculating

reduced levels, angles, bearings and distances. This type of surveying is usually employed for

large survey works.

In geodetic surveying necessary corrections are applied to reduced levels, bearings and other

observations.

End of Preview - Want to read all 33 pages?

Access Now

Unformatted Attachment Preview

SURVEYING AND LEVELLING By KULDEEP SINGH YADAV SYLLABUS OF SURVEYING UNIT-I INTRODUCTION TO CHAIN AND COMPASS SURVEYING- Introduction, Definition Of Surveying, Primary Divisions Of Surveying, Principles Of Surveying, Approximate Methods Of Chain And Tape Surveying, Instruments For Chaining And Taping, Measurement By Chain And Tape, Errors And Corrections, Testing And Adjustment Of A Chain, Chaining On Flat And Sloping Ground, Obstacles In Chaining, Direct And Indirect Method Of Ranging, Method Of Traversing, Principle Basic Definitions LEVELING: Classification- Profile & Cross-Section, Fly Levelling, Reciprocal Levelling, Trigonometric Levelling,. Errors In Levelling And Accuracy PLANE TABLE SURVEYING: Equipment’s & Accessories, Methods Of Locating DetailsRadiation, Intersection And Resection. Advantages & Disadvantages UNIT-II THEODOLITE: Measurement Of Horizontal Angle- Method Of Repetition And Reiteration, Various Types Of Theodolites-20 Vernier, Micro-Optic And Electronic. Introduction To Total Station TRAVERSING BY THEODOLITE- Closed Traverse, Computation Of Independent Coordinates-Gale’s Traverse Table TACHEOMETRY: Basic Systems Of Tachometric Measurement, Principles Of Stadia And Tangential Method With Staff Vertical, Derivation Of Formulae And Numerical Problems. UNIT-III HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL CURVES: Characteristics Of Different TypesElements Of Circular And Transition Curves, Methods Of Setting Out Of Simple Circular And Combined Curves. Contouring: Characte ...
Purchase document to see full attachment