In your clinical environment, consider what quality improvement changes are planned and those that are anticipated. In your discussion response, please address each of the following prompts: 1. Discuss a specific change theory model that could be used to facilitate change. 2. Using this theory, discuss how the nurse leader supports staff through a quality improvement change. Student A There is significant research on the benefits of increasing daylight exposure for institutionalized residents of nursing facilities or assisted living facilities who suffer from dementia. The benefits include improved sleep patterns, decreased agitation, improved cognition, and overall improved quality of life (Konis & Schneider, 2018). The exact reason for the benefits is not certain. Additionally, it is not certain how much time a person needs to get the maximum benefit of the daylight exposure. For the reason the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) is an excellent choice to facilitate change in the nursing home setting when elements of change need to be attempted and evaluated (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2019). Using the PDSA, the nurse leader facilitates educating the team and creating the plan with input from all stakeholders. The nurse leader would oversee implementation of the plan which is the “do” part of the cycle. In the study portion, the nurse leader ensures that all involved with implementation get an opportunity to contribute – with positive or negative comments – on the initiative since both are opportunities to ensure improved outcomes. In the final stage of the cycle which is act, the nurse leader determines if changes in the practice can be gleaned from the exercise and how the plan can be improved. The greatest responsibility the nurse leader has in implementing change is ensuring stakeholder involvement by promoting engagement and motivation. Reference: Konis, K., & Schneider, E. L. (2018). The Importance of Daylight in Dementia Care Communities: A Call to Action. Seniors Housing & Care Journal, 26(1), 28–37. Institute for Healthcare Improvement. (2019). Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) Worksheet. Ihi.org. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/PlanDoStu...  Student B Lewin developed the 3 Stage Model of Change. Lewin proposed that any individual's behavior in response to a proposed change is a function of group behavior. Any interaction or force affecting the group structure also affects the individual's behavior and capacity to change. Therefore, the group environment, or 'field,' must be considered in the change process. There are three stages in this nursing theory: unfreezing, change, and freezing. Lewin's Change Management theory can support nurses through the transitions and identify areas of strengths and resistances before implementing change. It is essential to adapt to a changing environment and continue with growth and prosperity. Lewin's change theory offers a method that nurse leaders can use to implement change within health care systems. Experts assert that Lewin's theory provides the fundamental principles for change; it is a common change theory used by nurses across specialty areas for various quality improvement projects to transform care at the bedside (Wojciechowski et al., 2016). To implement change, the nurse leader must understand that change should only be implemented for a good reason, change should always be gradual, and all individuals who may be affected by the change should be involved in planning for the change. In the unfreezing stage, leaders must recognize problems in an organization's systems and their staff to help drive positive change. Providing clear goals for the entire team will help the leader guide the staff into positive behavior. To allow employees to change their behavior for both the staff and the organization's benefit, leaders can build essential skills or encourage direct reports to stop doing something or do it better or differently (Wojciechowski et al., 2016). The refreezing stage ensures that people do not revert to their old habits of thinking or doing before the implementation of the change. To break with old routines, companies should tie the new changes into the culture by identifying change supports and change barriers. Develop and promote ways to sustain the change long-term. Offer training, support, and communication for both the short- and long-term. References: Wojciechowski, E., Pearsall, T., Murphy, P., & French, E. (2016). A Case Review: Integrating Lewin's Theory with Lean's System Approach for Change. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 21(2). 

PROMPT 1: How can the stigmatization of an illness can change over time? What can medical anthropologists do to lessen the stigmatization of different types of illness. Please use examples to support your opinion. 200 WORDS AT LEAST 3 SOURCES, APA FORMAT PROMPT 2:1. Upon viewing this week’s video on the sixth step (Test) in Business Continuity Training, provide three important "take-aways" for "testing" a business continuity plan. 2. What are some of the challenges that an organization faces to acquire management support to prepare and execute pre-test through test and post-test evaluations? 200 WORDS, CITE SOURCES IN APA IF USED PROMPT 3: Why did many black people leave the South from 1915 to 1970? What factors affected the decision to migrate or stay?What role did Charles Hamilton Houston play in the legal assault against Jim Crow?How do you explain the emergence of the literary and artistic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance? Who were prominent writers of the Harlem Renaissance? 250 WORDS APA FORMAT FOR SOURCES

You are required to submit a current news “clipping” from an online newspaper or news magazine of general circulation that discusses current or recent government ethics violations or questions of professionalism in government. "Current clipping" means that your article should be dated no more than 60 days prior to when the clipping is due. Submit a confirmed working link along with a brief (less than 105-word) explanation of why that particular clipping was chosen and how it relates to the course content.   Do not submit from blogs or non-news sites. Do not use opinion pieces (often labeled “editorials,” “op-eds,” and “columns”). It is insufficient to summarize your Clipping’s contents or to write that it is an example of public service professionalism, ethics, or a particular value. You should explain one or more ideas from the materials in the attachment and apply them to the information contained in your Clipping.