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Laser complete introduction

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Laser Laser is abbreviated to Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission Of Radiation Basic Requirements for Laser 1. Active Medium 2. Population Inversion States Of Laser 1. Ground state 2. Excited state 3. Metastable state Characteristics Of Laser 1. 2. 3. 4. Coherent Monochromatic Intense Directionality Basic concept of Transition in Laser Action • Absorption Rate of Emission 1. Spontaneous Emission 2. Stimulated Emission Pumping Schemes 1. 2 Level Laser System 2. 3 Level Laser System 3. 4 Level Laser System Pumping Process • “Such processe by which atoms are raised from lower level to upper level is called pumping Process” • Types There are five types of pumping Process 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Optical pumping Process Electrical pumping Process Chemical pumping Process Nuclear pumping Process Wave Guide pumping Process Resonators • Two mirror providing radiation to form inside the cavity and produce laser beam. Four elements 1. 2. 3. 4. Pump Active media Resonator Beam shaping element Resonator Mode Selection • • • • • Feedback Direction Selection Frequency Selection Efficency Directed Emission • Selection of Longitudinal mode • Multimode Laser • Single Mode Laser Quantum Numbers • • • • Principle Quantum number Azimuthal Quantum number Magnetic Quantum number Spin Quantum number Laser Modes • Axial Modes • Transverse Modes Line Broadening In spectroscopy, the spectroscopy across a greater waveleng ...
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