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Vertebrate Zoology Midterm Notes

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Vertebrate Lecture Midterm Notes
Eras and Periods
Come On Sophie Deal Cards Please, The Jack Cancels, The Queen
Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian Paleozoic
Carboniferous
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Tertiary Cenozoic
Quarternary
Overtime the landmasses/continents fragmented and joined and refragmented.
300 mya the only land mass was Pangea, and terrestrial vertebrates were
prospering, surrounded by the Tethys (ocean)
Phylum Chordata
invertebrate subphyla: Urochordata and Cephalochordata
vertebrate subphylum: Vertebrata
Chordate Features:
1. notochord
2. hollow dorsal nerve cord
3. pharyngeal gill slits
4. post anal tail
Subphylum Urochordata
-tunicates and sea squirts
Subphylum Cephalochordata
-lancelets
-have lots of myomeres

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*paedomorphosis- when sexual maturity develops in a larva form, may no longer
need adult
Subphylum Vertebrata
-possess all four of the chodate features plus;
a) neural crest (skeletal feature that protects nerve cord)
b) pronounced cephalization- higher brain development
c) vertebral column- cartilage + bone elements protect nervous system
-make up 6% of all species on Earth
advances over non-vertebrate chordate filter feeders
-distinct head and complex sense organs
-pharyngeal muscles to pump water
-efficient respiration through gills
-some have external body armour
Early Evidence
Myllokumingia and Maikouichthys were found in China 1999
-date back from early Cambrian
-had cranium
-lacked bone or mineralized scales
Astraspis were widespread in early Ordovician
-armoured torpedo shaped jawless fish
-had head shields
*Conodont- microfossils dating from late Cambrian, made of dentine and enamel
Extant Agnathas
-primitive
Hagfish (Myxinoidea) 60 species
-elongated scaleless, marine animals
-use horny (keratinous) mouth plates with toothlike structures
-produce slime in evasion to predation or threats
Lamprey (Petromyzontoidea) 50 species
-more advanced than Myxini
-rasp a hole with horny teeth and then suck fluids
-when latched onto a fish they use tidal ventilation to breath

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Vertebrate Lecture Midterm Notes Eras and Periods Come On Sophie Deal Cards Please, The Jack Cancels, The Queen Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Paleozoic Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic Mesozoic Cretaceous Tertiary Cenozoic Quarternary Overtime the landmasses/continents fragmented and joined and refragmented. 300 mya the only land mass was Pangea, and terrestrial vertebrates were prospering, surrounded by the Tethys (ocean) Phylum Chordata invertebrate subphyla: Urochordata and Cephalochordata vertebrate subphylum: Vertebrata Chordate Features: 1. notochord 2. hollow dorsal nerve cord 3. pharyngeal gill slits 4. post anal tail Subphylum Urochordata -tunicates and sea squirts Subphylum Cephalochordata -lancelets -have lots of myomeres *paedomorphosis- when sexual maturity develops in a larva form, may no longer need adult Subphylum Vertebrata -possess all four of the chodate features plus; a) neural crest (skeletal feature that protects nerve cord) b) pronounced cephalization- higher brain development c) vertebral column- cartilage + bone elements protect nervous system -make up 6% of all species on Earth advances over non-vertebrate chordate filter feeders -distinct head and complex sense organs -pharyngeal muscles to pump water -efficient respiration through gills -some have external body armour Early Evidence Myllokumingia and Maikouichthys were found in China 1999 -date back from early Cambrian -had cranium -lacked bone or mineralized ...
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