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Nutritional anaemia s

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Nutritional Microcytic Anaemia Iron Deficiency Dr D Da Silva Marques Haematologist/UZ iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia/EPIDEMIOLOGY • Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in both developing and developed countries • Iron deficiency affects over 12 % of the world's population, especially women of childbearing age, children, and individuals living in low- and middle-income countries CAUSES OF IRON DEFICIENCY • • • • The major causes of iron deficiency are: 1-decreased dietary intake 2- reduced absorption 3- blood loss. In adults in resource-rich countries, dietary intake is almost always adequate, and it is usually reasonable to assume that the cause is blood loss until proven otherwise, with the implied need to search for and identify the cause. • • • • • • Blood loss Overt bleeding is obvious not difficult to recognize, often by history alone: Traumatic haemorrhage Hematemesis or melena Haemoptysis Menorrhagia Pregnancy and deliver Haematuria Other causes of blood loss that may be overlooked include: • • • • Frequent blood donation Excessive diagnostic blood testing Underestimation of the degree of menorrhagia Occult bleeding, typically gastrointestinal (eg, gastritis, malignancy, telangiectasia) but may also include haemolysis with urinary losses or Pulmonary hemosiderosis • Exercise-induced blood loss, often due to occult gastrointestinal bleeding • Gastrointestinal parasites (eg, hookworm, whi ...
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