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Ch17 blood

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CHAPTER 17 BLOOD
BLOOD
connects all cells and tissues
connective tissue =
cells - formed elements
matrix - liquid
Functions of Blood
transportation
nutrients glucose, AA, etc
waste products urea, lactic acid , creatinine
gases O
2
, CO
2
hormones
electrolytes Na
+
K
+
Cl
-
Ca
++
regulation
ph
protection
infection WBC
blood loss platelets, clotting factors
Facts about blood
4 6 liters
whole blood = cells + matrix
cells = formed elements
RBC , WBC, Platelets
38 48 % volume
liquid = plasma
52 62 % volume
characteristics of blood
color
oxygenated - bright red
de-oxygenated - dark red
pH
7.35 7.45
venous < arterial
viscosity
thicker than water
Plasma
plasma
52 62 % of blood, by volume
90% water
solvent molecules must dissolve in plasma for transport
plasma proteins
nutrients
hormones
wastes
electrolytes
gases

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Plasma proteins
albumin ~ 55 % of plasma proteins
reabsorbs water from tissues osmotic pressure
globulins ~ 38 %
γ globulins = immunoglobulins = antibodies
α, β globulins = carrier proteins
fibrinogen clotting factor
transferrin iron transport
Serum
plasma = liquid + all contents
serum = plasma w/o clotting factors
Blood Cells / formed elements
RBC = erythrocyte O
2
transport
WBC = leukocyte defense
Platelet = thrombocyte clotting
RBC = Erythrocytes
carry Oxygen in blood
mostly hemoglobin
no nucleus
biconcave discs
life span ~ 120 days
normal RBC count 4.5 - 6.0 mill/mm
3
RBC = Erythrocytes
Hemoglobin (Hb) 12 18 grams / 100ml
made in red bone marrow
heme = Iron (Fe) + bilirubin
Hematocrit (Hct) 38 48 %
% packed RBC
WBC
= leukocytes
5,000 11,000 / mm
3
most are in connective tissues and lymph nodes
function: defense
phagocytosis
chemical destruction - antibodies
WBC
granulocytes granules in cytoplasm lobed nucleus
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
agranulocytes no granules large single nucleus
lymphocytes
monocytes

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CHAPTER 17 BLOOD BLOOD • • connects all cells and tissues connective tissue = – – cells - formed elements matrix - liquid Functions of Blood • transportation – – – – – nutrients glucose, AA, etc waste products urea, lactic acid , creatinine gases O2 , CO2 hormones electrolytes • regulation • protection – – – Na+ K+ Cl- Ca++ ph infection WBC blood loss platelets, clotting factors Facts about blood • • • • 4 – 6 liters whole blood = cells = cells + matrix formed elements • RBC , WBC, Platelets • 38 – 48 % volume liquid = plasma • 52 – 62 % volume characteristics of blood • color • oxygenated • de-oxygenated • pH • viscosity - bright red - dark red • 7.35 – 7.45 • venous < arterial • thicker than water Plasma • plasma – – – 52 – 62 % of blood, by volume 90% water solvent • plasma proteins • nutrients • hormones • wastes • electrolytes • gases • molecules must dissolve in plasma for transport Plasma proteins • • • • albumin ~ 55 % of plasma proteins • reabsorbs water from tissues globulins osmotic pressure ~ 38 % • γ ...
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