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History and evolution of operating systems

History and evolution of operating systems

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History and evolution of operating

systems

The earliest computers (large, expensive mainframes) had

primitive operating systems and were difficult to communicate

width. Input to the machines consisted of strange devices such

as punched cards and paper tape, primitive consoles and

switches etc. Output was similar.

There are still large mainframes used today (by banks, airlines

etc) – they use systems such as MVS, VME which are very

complicated and costly (more than the computer!)

Because computers were then much too expensive to be used by

just one person, the problem was to produce multi-user, multi-

access systems so that many users could share the system.

This resulted in the MULTICS system in the 1960’s.

However, this system proved to be too unreliable and complex,

so a ‘sawn-off’ version of MULTICS called UNIX was

produced in the early 1970’s

UNIX could support several users, had good utilities and fairly

good security, and was ideal for the new ‘minicomputers’ then

being produced. It was very successful and continues in use to

this day. Its other advantage was that it was an academically

produced non-commercial product that was essentially free and

available for users to modify, as they wanted. It was written in,

and is closely associated with, the C programming language.

However it is largely a text/command-based system without any

graphical component and with its strange-sounding commands,

is quite difficult to learn.

In the 1990’s, a simpler version of UNIX called LINUX was

produced. It emulates the ‘user-friendly’ graphical interface of

Windows and is today a popular (and basically only) alternative

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History and evolution of operating systems The earliest computers (large, expensive mainframes) had primitive operating systems and were difficult to communicate width. Input to the machines consisted of strange devices such as punched cards and paper tape, primitive consoles and switches etc. Output was similar. There are still large mainframes used today (by banks, airlines etc) - they use systems such as MVS, VME which are very complicated and costly (more than the computer!) Because computers were then much too expensive to be used by just one person, the problem was to produce multi- ...
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