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General mechanism of antibiotics

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Mechanism of Antibiotics
Targeting the 70S Ribosomes


 !
"
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

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#
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/'(" !
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,
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References:
21%/2Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells3) 
'*45678888889
2&:!2Introduction to Drug Action3) '*45
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Mechanism of Antibiotics Targeting the 70S Ribosomes Ribosomes are the protein-synthesis machinery of all life forms including bacteria. However, there are profound differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes in terms of size, structure, sequence, protein to RNA ratio, etc. Scientists took advantage of this ribosomal distinction between humans and bacteria in attempt single out bacterial cells. Now we have a vast range of antibiotics that work by inhibiting bacterial ribosomes, thereby killing them, while leaving human cells unaffected. Take for example, Erythromycin. It exerts its effect by binding to the 23S rRNA molecule of the 50S subunit (of bacterial ribosomes) effecting tRNA translocation. So basically the site where new transfer RNAs are supposed to bind gets occupied by erythromycin, making the addition of anymore amino acids to the unfinished protein, impossible ...
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