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risk_management

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CHAPTER
14
QUANTIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an understanding of risk, how to assess it at a specific site,
and what the numerical estimates of risk represent. The National Research Council defines risk
assessment as:
the characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental
hazards…Risk assessment also includes characterization of the uncertainties inherent in the process of
inferring risk.
Risk assessment is a tool for understanding the health and environmental hazards associated
with hazardous waste and can greatly improve the basis on which to make hazardous waste
management decisions. Risk assessment can also assist the public in understanding the human health
implications of the issues and available alternatives.
Mục đích của chương này cung cấp s hiu biết v s rủi ro, đánh giá như thế nào ti mt khu
vc hiện trường c th, và các tính toán s hc ca s ri ro biu th cho cái gì. Hội đng nghiên cu
khoa hc quốc gia định nghĩa “đánh giá rủi ro như sau:
…là sự mô t đặc điểm ca các ảnh hưởng bt li th xảy ra đến con người và nguy him cho môi
trưng.
14-1 RISK
In the classical sense, risk is defined as the probability of suffering harm or loss. When the resulting
harm is measurable (e.g., worker-days lots to accidents), risk may be calculated as the probability of
an action occurring multiplied by the severity of the harm if the action does occur:
Risk = (probability) x (severity of consequence)
Using this calculation suggests that the following two activities have the same risk:
Activity
no.
Severity of outcome,
worker-days lost
Probability of
outcome
Risk, worker-
days lost
1
20
0.1
2

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CHAPTER 14 QUANTIATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT The purpose of this chapter is to provide an understanding of risk, how to assess it at a specific site, and what the numerical estimates of risk represent. The National Research Council defines risk assessment as: … the characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards…Risk assessment also includes characterization of the uncertainties inherent in the process of inferring risk. Risk assessment is a tool for understanding the health and environmental hazards associated with hazardous waste and c ...
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